Erythroderma Excessive redness of the skin
Erythrophagocytosis Ingestion of red blood cells by a
macrophage or other phagocyte
Eutrophication Where an environment becomes enriched
with nutrients
Extrasporogonic Sequence of a myxosporean developmental cycle
Exfoliation Scaling off of tissues in layers
Exophthalmia Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball from
the orbit
Exotoxin Toxins released from bacteria
Extracellular Occurring outside the cell
Extrahepatic Outside the liver
Extravasation Force out from its proper vessel
Exudate Fluid with a high content of protein and cellular
debris which has escaped from blood vessels usually as a
result of inflammation
Exudation Oozing out of fluid through the capillary walls
Facultative anaerobe An organism that is able to grow
under aerobic conditions but develops rapidly in an
anaerobic environment
Fatty degeneration Accumulation of fatty droplets in the
cytoplasm
Fatty necrosis Death of cells and tissues due to an imbalance of fat in cells and the rate of utilisation
Fenestrated Having one or more openings or pores
Fibrin Matrix on which a blood clot is formed
Fibrinogen Protein precursor from which the insoluble
component of blood clots is made
Fibroblast Cell type common in developing or repairing
tissues
Fibroma Benign neoplasia consisting of fibrous and
muscle tissue
Fibroplasia Non-neoplastic increase in fibrous tissue
Fibrosarcoma Malignant neoplasia containing collagen
fibres
Fibrosis Adequate or excessive fibrous tissue, which may
replace other tissue as a repair response
Fixation The preservation of the structural organisation of
a tissue
Flocculation Coalescence of colloidal particles in suspension
Fragmentation Separation into fragments
Furuncle Localised, subcutaneous haemorrhagic myositis
Fusion Joining together
Gastritis Inflammation of the stomach lining
Gastroschisis Cleft or fissure of abdomen with herniated
viscera
Giant cell Multinucleated cell associated with inflammatory lesions formed by coalescence of epithelioid
cells or by nuclear division without cytoplasmic division
of monocytes
Glomerular Pertaining to the glomerulus
Glomerulonephritis Non-suppurative inflammation of the
glomeruli
Glomerulopathy Disease of the renal glomeruli
Glomerulosclerosis Fibrosis of the glomeruli (result of
inflammation)
Glomerulus Cluster of capillaries in kidney held together
by an interstitium of mesangial cells
Glycogen Highly branched polysaccharide of glucose
chains
Goblet cell Cells of the epithelial lining of the intestine
which secrete mucous
Gram negative Bacteria which do not retain the primary
violet but retain the counterstain in Gram’s stain
Gram positive Bacteria which retain the primary violet in
Gram’s stain
Gram’s stain Method for differentiating microorganisms,
developed by Christian Gram in the nineteenth century
Granular Composed of granules or resembling granules
Granuloma Chronic inflammatory lesion or new growth
made up macrophages
Granulomatous Having the characteristics of a granuloma
Grilse Atlantic salmon that have spent 1 year in sea water
Haemocoel Cavity between organs in invertebrates through
which haemolymph circulates
Haematocrit The ratio of the volume occupied by packed
red blood cells to the volume of the whole blood
Haematopoiesis The formation and development of blood
cells
Haematopoietic Tissue forming red blood cells
Haematoma A swelling containing clotted blood under the
skin, or deeper in the musculature following serious
bruising
Haematoxylin Basic stain which gives a blue colour to cell
nuclei
Haematogenous Disseminated through the blood stream
Haemoglobin Iron-containing oxygen-transporting metalloprotein of red blood cells
Haemolysis Disintegration of red blood cell membranes
with liberation of haemoglobin
Haemolytic anaemia Condition resulting from reduced red
blood cells survival time
Haemopericardium Blood in the pericardial cavity
Haemophthalmia Bleeding into the eyeball
Haemorrhage Escape of blood from a vessel
Haemorrhagic anaemia Loss of red blood cells due to
bleeding
Haemosiderin Iron-containing substance resulting from
the breakdown of red blood cells
Haemosiderosis Increased tissue iron stores
Haemostasis Arrest of bleeding through blood clotting
Halophilic Organisms surviving in environments with high
salt concentrations
198
Glossary
Erythrophagocytosis Ingestion of red blood cells by a
macrophage or other phagocyte
Eutrophication Where an environment becomes enriched
with nutrients
Extrasporogonic Sequence of a myxosporean developmental cycle
Exfoliation Scaling off of tissues in layers
Exophthalmia Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball from
the orbit
Exotoxin Toxins released from bacteria
Extracellular Occurring outside the cell
Extrahepatic Outside the liver
Extravasation Force out from its proper vessel
Exudate Fluid with a high content of protein and cellular
debris which has escaped from blood vessels usually as a
result of inflammation
Exudation Oozing out of fluid through the capillary walls
Facultative anaerobe An organism that is able to grow
under aerobic conditions but develops rapidly in an
anaerobic environment
Fatty degeneration Accumulation of fatty droplets in the
cytoplasm
Fatty necrosis Death of cells and tissues due to an imbalance of fat in cells and the rate of utilisation
Fenestrated Having one or more openings or pores
Fibrin Matrix on which a blood clot is formed
Fibrinogen Protein precursor from which the insoluble
component of blood clots is made
Fibroblast Cell type common in developing or repairing
tissues
Fibroma Benign neoplasia consisting of fibrous and
muscle tissue
Fibroplasia Non-neoplastic increase in fibrous tissue
Fibrosarcoma Malignant neoplasia containing collagen
fibres
Fibrosis Adequate or excessive fibrous tissue, which may
replace other tissue as a repair response
Fixation The preservation of the structural organisation of
a tissue
Flocculation Coalescence of colloidal particles in suspension
Fragmentation Separation into fragments
Furuncle Localised, subcutaneous haemorrhagic myositis
Fusion Joining together
Gastritis Inflammation of the stomach lining
Gastroschisis Cleft or fissure of abdomen with herniated
viscera
Giant cell Multinucleated cell associated with inflammatory lesions formed by coalescence of epithelioid
cells or by nuclear division without cytoplasmic division
of monocytes
Glomerular Pertaining to the glomerulus
Glomerulonephritis Non-suppurative inflammation of the
glomeruli
Glomerulopathy Disease of the renal glomeruli
Glomerulosclerosis Fibrosis of the glomeruli (result of
inflammation)
Glomerulus Cluster of capillaries in kidney held together
by an interstitium of mesangial cells
Glycogen Highly branched polysaccharide of glucose
chains
Goblet cell Cells of the epithelial lining of the intestine
which secrete mucous
Gram negative Bacteria which do not retain the primary
violet but retain the counterstain in Gram’s stain
Gram positive Bacteria which retain the primary violet in
Gram’s stain
Gram’s stain Method for differentiating microorganisms,
developed by Christian Gram in the nineteenth century
Granular Composed of granules or resembling granules
Granuloma Chronic inflammatory lesion or new growth
made up macrophages
Granulomatous Having the characteristics of a granuloma
Grilse Atlantic salmon that have spent 1 year in sea water
Haemocoel Cavity between organs in invertebrates through
which haemolymph circulates
Haematocrit The ratio of the volume occupied by packed
red blood cells to the volume of the whole blood
Haematopoiesis The formation and development of blood
cells
Haematopoietic Tissue forming red blood cells
Haematoma A swelling containing clotted blood under the
skin, or deeper in the musculature following serious
bruising
Haematoxylin Basic stain which gives a blue colour to cell
nuclei
Haematogenous Disseminated through the blood stream
Haemoglobin Iron-containing oxygen-transporting metalloprotein of red blood cells
Haemolysis Disintegration of red blood cell membranes
with liberation of haemoglobin
Haemolytic anaemia Condition resulting from reduced red
blood cells survival time
Haemopericardium Blood in the pericardial cavity
Haemophthalmia Bleeding into the eyeball
Haemorrhage Escape of blood from a vessel
Haemorrhagic anaemia Loss of red blood cells due to
bleeding
Haemosiderin Iron-containing substance resulting from
the breakdown of red blood cells
Haemosiderosis Increased tissue iron stores
Haemostasis Arrest of bleeding through blood clotting
Halophilic Organisms surviving in environments with high
salt concentrations
198
Glossary