262: SOLEIDAE (SOLES)
Body tan, with pale blotches and blackish brown dots.
Attains 8 cm. Our specimens from Sodwana Bay and Porto
Amelia, Mozambique; otherwise known only from Japan.
Genus Pardachirus Gunther, 1862
No P; D and A completely separate from C; all fin rays
branched except for upper and lowermost Crays. D and A
with a series of paired ampulla-like glands which produce a
milky toxin that makes these soles distasteful to predators
(even large sharks will not bite them). The toxin is secreted
through the pores (Ion each side) of almost every D and A
ray (Clark & Chao, 1973). In their review of the genus,
Clark and George (1979) recognised 4 species; 2 species
occur in our area, including P. morrowi (Chabanaud),
which was overlooked by Clark and George.
KEY TO SPECIES
la 073-81; A 53-62; colour pattern of irregular,
black-edged, pale spots on a darker brown
background; juveniles «10 cm SL) with
round or oval dark brown and cream
coloured spots ............................ _........................ P. morro wi
Ib 063-74; A 48-55; ground colour pale; head,
body and fins covered with blackish brown
dots and ring-like larger dark brown marks ............ P. marmoratus
262.9 Pardachirus marmoratus
(Lace pede, 1802)
PLATE 135
Speckled sale
Gespikkelde tongvis
Achirus marmoratus Lacepede, 1802: 658 (Mauritius). Pardachirus
marmoratus: Smith, SFSA No. 322*; Clark & Chao, 1973: 53*; Clark &
George, 1979: 110*
063-74; A 48-55; C 18; LL 83-102; vertebrae 37-39. Body depth 2.1-2.3
in SL.
Attains 25 cm. Red Sea and western Indian Ocean from
Sri Lanka and Persian Gulf to Durban in depths of 1 - 15 m.
262.9 Pardachirus marmoratus: 18 em (N. Mozambique).
872
262.10 Pardachirus morro wi
(Chabanaud,1954)
PLATE 135
Persian carpet sale
Persiese tapyt-tongvis
Aseraggodes morro wi Chabanaud, in Morrow, 1954: 800, PI. 24 (Shimoni, Kenya). Asserragodes morrowi: Smith, 1981: 175.
073-81; A 53-62; C 16-18; LL 80-82; vertebrae 41-42. Body depth 2.62.7 in SL.
Attains 18+ cm. Kenya to Sodwana Bay; Aldabra; in
depths of 1 - 10 m.
262.10 Pardachirus morro wi: 7.5 em (Kenya).
Genus Pegusa Gunther, 1862
D and A separate from C, but basal ~ oflast D and A rays
joined to C base by a membrane; both P well developed.
Anterior nostril of blind side a thickly fringed rossette; rear
nostril a thin tube with oblique aperture; nostrils on eyed
side close together on upper lip, anterior one longer. Scales
ctenoid on eyed side, cycloid on blind side.
Three (?) species, known only from eastern Atlantic and
Mediterranean; 1 species may occur in our area.
Atlantic sale
262.11 Peg usa lascaris
(Risso, 1810)
Atlantiese tongvis
Pleuronectes lascaris Risso, 1810: 311, PI. 7, Fig. 32 (Nice, France).
Pegusa lascaris: Chabanaud, 1929: 231 *; Smith, SFSA No. 327.
077-89; A 61-73; P7-1O; C 20 (3 upper and lower rays unbranched); LL
98-145; vertebrae 42-46. Body depth 2.6-2.9, head length 4.9-5.1 in SL.
Brownish yellow or reddish brown, with obscure pale
blotches and specks; right P blackish, with a pale margin.
Attains 40 cm. Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black
Sea; extends south at least to southern Angola
(Chabanaud, 1927). The South African OCCurrence of P.
lascaris is doubtful, as Chabanaud's (1927) record from
South Africa is based on his erroneous synonymy of Solea
bleekeri and P. {ascaris.
Body tan, with pale blotches and blackish brown dots.
Attains 8 cm. Our specimens from Sodwana Bay and Porto
Amelia, Mozambique; otherwise known only from Japan.
Genus Pardachirus Gunther, 1862
No P; D and A completely separate from C; all fin rays
branched except for upper and lowermost Crays. D and A
with a series of paired ampulla-like glands which produce a
milky toxin that makes these soles distasteful to predators
(even large sharks will not bite them). The toxin is secreted
through the pores (Ion each side) of almost every D and A
ray (Clark & Chao, 1973). In their review of the genus,
Clark and George (1979) recognised 4 species; 2 species
occur in our area, including P. morrowi (Chabanaud),
which was overlooked by Clark and George.
KEY TO SPECIES
la 073-81; A 53-62; colour pattern of irregular,
black-edged, pale spots on a darker brown
background; juveniles «10 cm SL) with
round or oval dark brown and cream
coloured spots ............................ _........................ P. morro wi
Ib 063-74; A 48-55; ground colour pale; head,
body and fins covered with blackish brown
dots and ring-like larger dark brown marks ............ P. marmoratus
262.9 Pardachirus marmoratus
(Lace pede, 1802)
PLATE 135
Speckled sale
Gespikkelde tongvis
Achirus marmoratus Lacepede, 1802: 658 (Mauritius). Pardachirus
marmoratus: Smith, SFSA No. 322*; Clark & Chao, 1973: 53*; Clark &
George, 1979: 110*
063-74; A 48-55; C 18; LL 83-102; vertebrae 37-39. Body depth 2.1-2.3
in SL.
Attains 25 cm. Red Sea and western Indian Ocean from
Sri Lanka and Persian Gulf to Durban in depths of 1 - 15 m.
262.9 Pardachirus marmoratus: 18 em (N. Mozambique).
872
262.10 Pardachirus morro wi
(Chabanaud,1954)
PLATE 135
Persian carpet sale
Persiese tapyt-tongvis
Aseraggodes morro wi Chabanaud, in Morrow, 1954: 800, PI. 24 (Shimoni, Kenya). Asserragodes morrowi: Smith, 1981: 175.
073-81; A 53-62; C 16-18; LL 80-82; vertebrae 41-42. Body depth 2.62.7 in SL.
Attains 18+ cm. Kenya to Sodwana Bay; Aldabra; in
depths of 1 - 10 m.
262.10 Pardachirus morro wi: 7.5 em (Kenya).
Genus Pegusa Gunther, 1862
D and A separate from C, but basal ~ oflast D and A rays
joined to C base by a membrane; both P well developed.
Anterior nostril of blind side a thickly fringed rossette; rear
nostril a thin tube with oblique aperture; nostrils on eyed
side close together on upper lip, anterior one longer. Scales
ctenoid on eyed side, cycloid on blind side.
Three (?) species, known only from eastern Atlantic and
Mediterranean; 1 species may occur in our area.
Atlantic sale
262.11 Peg usa lascaris
(Risso, 1810)
Atlantiese tongvis
Pleuronectes lascaris Risso, 1810: 311, PI. 7, Fig. 32 (Nice, France).
Pegusa lascaris: Chabanaud, 1929: 231 *; Smith, SFSA No. 327.
077-89; A 61-73; P7-1O; C 20 (3 upper and lower rays unbranched); LL
98-145; vertebrae 42-46. Body depth 2.6-2.9, head length 4.9-5.1 in SL.
Brownish yellow or reddish brown, with obscure pale
blotches and specks; right P blackish, with a pale margin.
Attains 40 cm. Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black
Sea; extends south at least to southern Angola
(Chabanaud, 1927). The South African OCCurrence of P.
lascaris is doubtful, as Chabanaud's (1927) record from
South Africa is based on his erroneous synonymy of Solea
bleekeri and P. {ascaris.