D XII,22-24; A III,17-18; P 14-16; LL 69-80; GR 12-16. Depth 1.9-2.4,
head 2.2-2.4 in SL; snout 1.6-2.1 in body depth. Feeds on tubeworm tentacles and small crustaceans.
Attains 16 cm. The most widely distributed species of
butterflyfish, extending from Durban to the Red Sea,
across Indian and tropical Pacific Oceans to Easter Island
and Baja California.
Genus Hemitaurichthys Bleeker, 1876
LL complete; no D spines elongate. Four species; only 1
in the Indian Ocean.
205.21 Hemitaurichthys zoster
(Bennett, 1831)
PLATE 77
Brushtooth butterflyfish
Borseltand-vlindervis
Chaetodon zoster Bennett, 1831: 61 (Mauritius). Hemitaurichthys zoster: Burgess, 1978: 195*; Allen, 1980: 240*; Smith, 1980: 179.
D XI-XII,24-25; A III ,20-21; P 17-19; LL 66-73.
Dark brown with broad white area in middle of body; C
mostly white; D spines over white area are yellow. Usually
seen in large schools; feeds on zooplankton well above the
reef, to which it retreats at the approach of danger. Attains
18 cm. Western Indian Ocean; south to Sodwana Bay.
205.21 Hemitaurichthys zoster: 16.5 em (N. Mozambique).
Genus Heniochus Cuvier, 1816
LL complete; 4th D spine prolonged. Eight species are
currently recognised in this genus; 3 species in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Front of head mostly black; black band from belly
to D reaches 5th-7th spines .................................. H. monoceros
1b Front of head mostly pale, with black interorbital band
and front of snout dusky; black band from belly
reaches first 3 D spines ....................................................... 2
205: CHAETODONTIDAE (BUTTERFL YFISHES)
2a D spines usually XI; snout not shorter than eye
diameter; horizontal line through upper jaw
symphysis extends through lower edge of eye
or well below eye ............................................. H. acuminatus
2b D spines usually XII; snout shorter than
eye diameter; horizontal line through upper
jaw symphysis extends through middle of eye .......... H. diphreutes
205.22 Heniochus acuminatus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
PLATE 77
Coachman
Koetsier
Chaetodon acuminatus Linnaeus, 1758: 272 (East Indies). Heniochus
acuminatus: Smith, SFSA No. 590* (in part); Allen & Kuiter, 1978*;
Burgess, 1978:223* (in part); van derElst, 1981: 151*.
D XI-XII,23-26; A III,17-19; P 17-18; LL 49-56. Large adults with a
short stout spine in front of each eye. Usually seen alone or in pairs close
to live coral reefs.
Attains 25 cm. Indo-West Pacific, south to Durban.
205.23 Heniochus diphreutes
Jordan, 1903
PLATE 74
Schooling coachman
Skool-koetsier
Heniochus diphreutes Jordan, 1903: 694, Fig. 3 (Nagasaki, Japan);
Allen & Kuiter, 1978 * ; Smith, 1980: 179. Heniochus acuminatus: Burgess,
1978: 223* (in part).
D XII,23-25; A III,17-19; P 16-18; LL 49-57. No spines in front of eyes.
Usually occurs in schools feeding on zooplankton well off the bottom; not
restricted to coral reefs.
Attains 16 cm. Red Sea and Indo-West Pacific to Hawaii,
south to Durban .
205.23 Heniochus diphreutes: 10 em (drawn after Allen & Kuiter, 1978).
631
head 2.2-2.4 in SL; snout 1.6-2.1 in body depth. Feeds on tubeworm tentacles and small crustaceans.
Attains 16 cm. The most widely distributed species of
butterflyfish, extending from Durban to the Red Sea,
across Indian and tropical Pacific Oceans to Easter Island
and Baja California.
Genus Hemitaurichthys Bleeker, 1876
LL complete; no D spines elongate. Four species; only 1
in the Indian Ocean.
205.21 Hemitaurichthys zoster
(Bennett, 1831)
PLATE 77
Brushtooth butterflyfish
Borseltand-vlindervis
Chaetodon zoster Bennett, 1831: 61 (Mauritius). Hemitaurichthys zoster: Burgess, 1978: 195*; Allen, 1980: 240*; Smith, 1980: 179.
D XI-XII,24-25; A III ,20-21; P 17-19; LL 66-73.
Dark brown with broad white area in middle of body; C
mostly white; D spines over white area are yellow. Usually
seen in large schools; feeds on zooplankton well above the
reef, to which it retreats at the approach of danger. Attains
18 cm. Western Indian Ocean; south to Sodwana Bay.
205.21 Hemitaurichthys zoster: 16.5 em (N. Mozambique).
Genus Heniochus Cuvier, 1816
LL complete; 4th D spine prolonged. Eight species are
currently recognised in this genus; 3 species in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Front of head mostly black; black band from belly
to D reaches 5th-7th spines .................................. H. monoceros
1b Front of head mostly pale, with black interorbital band
and front of snout dusky; black band from belly
reaches first 3 D spines ....................................................... 2
205: CHAETODONTIDAE (BUTTERFL YFISHES)
2a D spines usually XI; snout not shorter than eye
diameter; horizontal line through upper jaw
symphysis extends through lower edge of eye
or well below eye ............................................. H. acuminatus
2b D spines usually XII; snout shorter than
eye diameter; horizontal line through upper
jaw symphysis extends through middle of eye .......... H. diphreutes
205.22 Heniochus acuminatus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
PLATE 77
Coachman
Koetsier
Chaetodon acuminatus Linnaeus, 1758: 272 (East Indies). Heniochus
acuminatus: Smith, SFSA No. 590* (in part); Allen & Kuiter, 1978*;
Burgess, 1978:223* (in part); van derElst, 1981: 151*.
D XI-XII,23-26; A III,17-19; P 17-18; LL 49-56. Large adults with a
short stout spine in front of each eye. Usually seen alone or in pairs close
to live coral reefs.
Attains 25 cm. Indo-West Pacific, south to Durban.
205.23 Heniochus diphreutes
Jordan, 1903
PLATE 74
Schooling coachman
Skool-koetsier
Heniochus diphreutes Jordan, 1903: 694, Fig. 3 (Nagasaki, Japan);
Allen & Kuiter, 1978 * ; Smith, 1980: 179. Heniochus acuminatus: Burgess,
1978: 223* (in part).
D XII,23-25; A III,17-19; P 16-18; LL 49-57. No spines in front of eyes.
Usually occurs in schools feeding on zooplankton well off the bottom; not
restricted to coral reefs.
Attains 16 cm. Red Sea and Indo-West Pacific to Hawaii,
south to Durban .
205.23 Heniochus diphreutes: 10 em (drawn after Allen & Kuiter, 1978).
631