Genus Pseudamia Bleeker, 1865
Scales small, cycloid; anterior LL scales pored, posterior
ones notched on rear edge; C rounded; 5 species, 1 in our
area.
175.52 Pseudamia gelatinosa
Smith,1955
PLATE 50
Jelly cardinal
Jellie-kardinaal
Pseudamia geialinosa Smith, 1955: 690, PI. 18 , Fig. A (Aldabra) ; 1961 :
567, No. 472a; 1961: 410*. Pseudamia poiysligma (non Bleeker) : Smith ,
1954: 778*; 1955: 9*.
D VI+I,8-9 ; A 11 ,8-9; P 16; LL 20-22; predorsal scales 15-18; GR (3-4)+
(10-12). Depth 4.2-4.8, head 2.4-2.7 in SL; eye 3.5-4.0 in head. Juveniles
with strong triangular spinules around angle of preopercle that becomes
undulate to smooth in adults ; P reaching A origin or slightly beyond ;
upper jaw with narrow band of small conical teeth, anterior ones enlarged,
and a large canine on each side of symphysis; lower jaw with a band of
small teeth tapering to 1-2 rows posteriorly , outer series slightly enlarged
anteriorly , cluster of still larger teeth in symphysis ; 1-3 large canines on
each side of lower jaw accompanied by few smaller caniniform teeth
anteriorly and posteriorly; vomer with few teeth , posterior ones larger; a
single row of teeth on palatines.
In life, body translucent purplish brown with numerous
narrow dark horizontal lines and spots; head with larger
dark spots; juveniles with a dark ocellus on upper C that
gradually disappears while the dark caudal spot develops.
Attains 7 cm . Indo-Pacific south to Sodwana Bay.
Genus Pseudamiops Smith, 1954
Scales large, cycloid, easily shed ; closely related to
Pseudamia; differs in the absence of epipleurals on pleural
ribs, paired uroneurals and medial extrascapular (Fraser,
1972) (see Key for other differences) ; C rounded. Two
species; 1 in our area.
175.53 Pseudamiops pellucidus
Smith,1954
Limpid cardinal
Helder kardinaal
Pseudamiops pellucidus Smith , 1954: 785 , Fig. 2, PI. 23, Figs. A-C
(Malindi, Kenya); 1955: 9*; 1961: 567, No. 472b; 1961: 411*.
D VI+I,8; A 11,9; P 14; predorsal scales 8; GR 3+(6-7) (developed GR
7-8). Depth 6.6-7.2, head 3.2-3.6 in SL; eye 5.4-6.7 in head. Preopercle
edge smooth to undulate ; eye small, covered by transparent membrane ;
175.53 Pseudamiops pellucidus: 4.5 em holotype (Kenya).
176: ACROPOMA TIDAE (LANTERNBELLIES)
hypobranchial not bearing GR or rudiments; maxilla reaches well past
eye; upper lip wide, flap-like in front, partially overlapping lower jaw
when mouth closed; 2 rows of teeth in each jaw, inner row teeth larger;
upper jaw with 1-3 large canines on each side of symphysis and 1-3 on
sides; 1-3 large teeth on vomer; palatines with smaller caniniform teeth in
a single row.
In life , transparent with dark stellate spots about head;
pupils rosy. Attains 4 cm. East Africa south to Sodwana
Bay.
Family No. 176: ACROPOMATIDAE
by P.C. Heemstra
Lanternbellies
Lantempense
Body oblong, more or less compressed. Dorsal fin
divided to base before last spine , or completely separated
into spiny and soft-rayed fins; first part with 7-10 spines,
second with 1 spine and 9 or 10 soft-rays. Anal fin with 2 or 3
spines and 6-8 soft-rays. Pelvic fins 1,5; no large axillary process of fused scales. Gill membranes separate, free from isthmus; branchiostegal rays 7. Gill-rakers well developed .
Vertebrae 10+15 = 25.
Widely distributed, deep-water (20 - 700 m) fishes ; used
for food in some countries, but most are too small to be of
much value for human consumption. The fishes here assigned to this ill-defined "family" are placed by some recent
authors in the Percichthyidae. (The genus Percichthys comprises 2 species of freshwater fishes in Chile and Argentina;
they have 31-36 vertebrae and are not closely related to the
Acropomatidae .)
KEY TO GENERA
1a Vent nearer V origins than to A; luminescent
organ between V (not visible externally) ..... ..... ... ....... Acropoma
1b Vent nearer A than to V origins; no light organ
between V .... .... ....... ..... .... .......... ...... ... .. ........ .... ..... .... ... .. 2
2a Teeth uniserial, minute; no canines ; no teeth on
vomer or palatines; scales ctenoid, not deciduous .. ..... .... . Howella
2b Canines present; also teeth on vomer and palatines;
scales cycloid, deciduous ......... ... ...... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. .... .... 3
3a A III,7 .... .... .... ... ... ............... .... .... ... ..... ..... .... . Neoscombrops
3b A 11,7-9 .. .... .. .... ........ ....... ....... .... .. ... .... .. ... .......... Synagrops
Genus Acropoma Temminck & Schlegel, 1843
Two species (1 in our area), both bioluminescent. At
night or in the dark , the entire ventral region of the body is
brightly luminescent. A. hanedai Matsubara, 1953 has vent
midway between V and A origins, and the light organ
extends from isthmus to A.
561
Scales small, cycloid; anterior LL scales pored, posterior
ones notched on rear edge; C rounded; 5 species, 1 in our
area.
175.52 Pseudamia gelatinosa
Smith,1955
PLATE 50
Jelly cardinal
Jellie-kardinaal
Pseudamia geialinosa Smith, 1955: 690, PI. 18 , Fig. A (Aldabra) ; 1961 :
567, No. 472a; 1961: 410*. Pseudamia poiysligma (non Bleeker) : Smith ,
1954: 778*; 1955: 9*.
D VI+I,8-9 ; A 11 ,8-9; P 16; LL 20-22; predorsal scales 15-18; GR (3-4)+
(10-12). Depth 4.2-4.8, head 2.4-2.7 in SL; eye 3.5-4.0 in head. Juveniles
with strong triangular spinules around angle of preopercle that becomes
undulate to smooth in adults ; P reaching A origin or slightly beyond ;
upper jaw with narrow band of small conical teeth, anterior ones enlarged,
and a large canine on each side of symphysis; lower jaw with a band of
small teeth tapering to 1-2 rows posteriorly , outer series slightly enlarged
anteriorly , cluster of still larger teeth in symphysis ; 1-3 large canines on
each side of lower jaw accompanied by few smaller caniniform teeth
anteriorly and posteriorly; vomer with few teeth , posterior ones larger; a
single row of teeth on palatines.
In life, body translucent purplish brown with numerous
narrow dark horizontal lines and spots; head with larger
dark spots; juveniles with a dark ocellus on upper C that
gradually disappears while the dark caudal spot develops.
Attains 7 cm . Indo-Pacific south to Sodwana Bay.
Genus Pseudamiops Smith, 1954
Scales large, cycloid, easily shed ; closely related to
Pseudamia; differs in the absence of epipleurals on pleural
ribs, paired uroneurals and medial extrascapular (Fraser,
1972) (see Key for other differences) ; C rounded. Two
species; 1 in our area.
175.53 Pseudamiops pellucidus
Smith,1954
Limpid cardinal
Helder kardinaal
Pseudamiops pellucidus Smith , 1954: 785 , Fig. 2, PI. 23, Figs. A-C
(Malindi, Kenya); 1955: 9*; 1961: 567, No. 472b; 1961: 411*.
D VI+I,8; A 11,9; P 14; predorsal scales 8; GR 3+(6-7) (developed GR
7-8). Depth 6.6-7.2, head 3.2-3.6 in SL; eye 5.4-6.7 in head. Preopercle
edge smooth to undulate ; eye small, covered by transparent membrane ;
175.53 Pseudamiops pellucidus: 4.5 em holotype (Kenya).
176: ACROPOMA TIDAE (LANTERNBELLIES)
hypobranchial not bearing GR or rudiments; maxilla reaches well past
eye; upper lip wide, flap-like in front, partially overlapping lower jaw
when mouth closed; 2 rows of teeth in each jaw, inner row teeth larger;
upper jaw with 1-3 large canines on each side of symphysis and 1-3 on
sides; 1-3 large teeth on vomer; palatines with smaller caniniform teeth in
a single row.
In life , transparent with dark stellate spots about head;
pupils rosy. Attains 4 cm. East Africa south to Sodwana
Bay.
Family No. 176: ACROPOMATIDAE
by P.C. Heemstra
Lanternbellies
Lantempense
Body oblong, more or less compressed. Dorsal fin
divided to base before last spine , or completely separated
into spiny and soft-rayed fins; first part with 7-10 spines,
second with 1 spine and 9 or 10 soft-rays. Anal fin with 2 or 3
spines and 6-8 soft-rays. Pelvic fins 1,5; no large axillary process of fused scales. Gill membranes separate, free from isthmus; branchiostegal rays 7. Gill-rakers well developed .
Vertebrae 10+15 = 25.
Widely distributed, deep-water (20 - 700 m) fishes ; used
for food in some countries, but most are too small to be of
much value for human consumption. The fishes here assigned to this ill-defined "family" are placed by some recent
authors in the Percichthyidae. (The genus Percichthys comprises 2 species of freshwater fishes in Chile and Argentina;
they have 31-36 vertebrae and are not closely related to the
Acropomatidae .)
KEY TO GENERA
1a Vent nearer V origins than to A; luminescent
organ between V (not visible externally) ..... ..... ... ....... Acropoma
1b Vent nearer A than to V origins; no light organ
between V .... .... ....... ..... .... .......... ...... ... .. ........ .... ..... .... ... .. 2
2a Teeth uniserial, minute; no canines ; no teeth on
vomer or palatines; scales ctenoid, not deciduous .. ..... .... . Howella
2b Canines present; also teeth on vomer and palatines;
scales cycloid, deciduous ......... ... ...... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. .... .... 3
3a A III,7 .... .... .... ... ... ............... .... .... ... ..... ..... .... . Neoscombrops
3b A 11,7-9 .. .... .. .... ........ ....... ....... .... .. ... .... .. ... .......... Synagrops
Genus Acropoma Temminck & Schlegel, 1843
Two species (1 in our area), both bioluminescent. At
night or in the dark , the entire ventral region of the body is
brightly luminescent. A. hanedai Matsubara, 1953 has vent
midway between V and A origins, and the light organ
extends from isthmus to A.
561