175: APOGONIDAE (CARDINAL FISHES)
13a Enlarged teeth a symphysis and rear of lower jaw;
some enlarged teeth on vomer; 16-17 developed
GR; median stripe extends as a dusky line to tip
of mid Crays ........................................ A. (Nectamia) nitidus
13b Teeth not enlarged, about the same size on both
jaws; lS-19 developed GR; no dusky line
on C ............................................. A. (Nectamia) cyanosoma
14a LL scales 43-45; developed GR 9-10; many dark
lines along side of body, those above LL
follow scale rows and those below LL
horizontal ................................. A. (Lepidamia) multitaeniatus
14b Less than 30 scales in LL .................................................. 15
15a Two or 3 dark stripes along upper side of body;
lower stripe extends to tip of mid C rays; caudal spot
absent; P 15-16 ........................... A. (Nectamia) quadrifasciatus
15b Five dark stripes on body; caudal spot
present ......................................................................... 16
16a Postocular stripe present; last A ray less than 1.2
times penultimate A ray; V dusky ....................................... 17
16b Postocular stripe absent; last A ray 1.3-1.6 times
length of penultimate A ray; V pale ...... A. (Nectamia) angustatus
17a Postacular stripe reaching under second D; caudal
spot round to slightly oval, about size of pupil or
slightly larger and distinctly darker than the
adjacent portion of midlateral (3rd) stripe;
Prays 15 ............................................... A. (Nectamia) cookii
17b Postocular stripe short, usually ending on opercle
edge; caudal spot oval, usually smaller than pupil,
in the form of a slight widening of the midlateral
(3rd) stripe; Prays 14 ...................... A. (Nectamia) taeniophorus
lSa Twenty or more developed GR .......................................... 19
lSb Fewer than 20 developed GR ............................................ 22
19a Dark stripe from lower margin of eye diagonally
across cheek; no horizontal stripes on head; a dark
saddle (or spot) on C base not completely encircling
peduncle; P 13 ............................................................... 20
19b Diagonal stripe on cheek absent; a black band
completely encircling peduncle at C base or caudal
spot present; P usually 14 .................................................. 21
20a Stripe across cheek wide, somewhat triangular
with apex at angle of preopercle; total
GR 26-29 ........................................ A. (Nectamia) savayensis
20b Stripe across cheek narrow; total GR
24-26 .............................................. A. (Nectamia) guamensis
21a First and 2nd soft rays of 2nd D filamentous; small
caudal spot present .......................... A. (Nectamia) flagelliferus
21b No filamentous rays in 2nd D; a black band around
peduncle at C base (or large caudal spot in young
specimens) ........................................... A. (Nectamia) aureus
22a Two or 3 dark vertical bars on body; caudal spot
present or absent; dark ocellus above P present or
absent; V dark ............................................................... 23
22b No vertical bars on body; dark ocellus on body
absent; caudal spot absent (present as a large spot or
dark band in A. aureus); V light ......................................... 25
23a One faint dusky crossbar under each D and
sometimes on C peduncle; caudal spot and ocellus
on body absent; developed GR 7-S ........ A. (Nectamia) timorensis
23b Dark crossbar under each D distinct;
9-13 developed GR ......................................................... 24
548
24a Light brown horizontal lines on side of body; caudal
spot present; ocellus on body present in young,
may disappear with age; P 14-15;
developed GR 9-11 ............................. A. (Nectamia) taeniatus
24b Ocellus above P usually present; a distinct dark bar
on peduncle present; no caudal spot; P 15-16;
developed GR 11-13 .......................... A. (Nectamia) nigripinnis
25a Large dark ocellus on 1st D; P 16; developed GR
12-13 .................................................. A. (Nectamia) queketti
25b No large ocellus on 1st D; P 14-15 ....................................... 26
26a P 14; developed GR 15-17; teeth on lower jaw
caniniform, larger; a dark stripe from snout through
eye to edge of opercle ....................... A. (Nectamia) apogonides
26b P 14-15; developed GR 17-19; a dark narrow
stripe along A base; a dark band on peduncle
at C base (or a large caudal spot in young
specimens) ........................................... A. (Nectamia) aureus
26c P 15; developed GR 15; few slightly enlarged teeth
on side of lower jaw; colour (in alcohol) brown with
edges of scales darker .................... A. (Nectamia?) enigmaricus
175.1 Apogon angustatus
(Smith & Radcliffe, 1911)
PLATE 48
Broadstriped cardinal
Breestreep-kardinaal
Amia angustata Smith & Radcliffe, in Radcliffe, 1911: 253, Fig. 1
(Philippines). Ostorhynchus angustatus: Smith, 1961: 401 *.
D VII + 1,9; A II,S; P 14; LL 2S; predorsal scales 3-4; GR (5-6)+(13-15)
(developed GR 11-15). Depth 2.S-3.0, head 2.6-2.9 in SL; eye 2.5-2.S in
head.
This species belongs to the dark-striped species complex,
members of which usually have 5 horizontal stripes and a
caudal spot. The species distinction within the complex is
not clear. In our area A. angustatus can easily be confused
with A. taeniophorus and A. cookii. A. angustatus has a
distinct, dark, more or less round caudal spot about the size
of the pupil; a dark stripe along base of 2nd D rays; the 5th
stripe extends onto base of A rays; first D transparent except for some pigment on first 3 spines. All 5 stripes narrower than interspaces. Dark basal stripe of 2nd D is narrow
in both sexes. Attains 8 cm. Indo-West and South Pacific;
Red Sea to Natal.
175.2 Apogon apogonides
(Bleeker, 1856)
PLATES 48 & 51
Short-tooth cardinal
Korttand-kardinaal
Cheilodipterus apogonides Bleeker, 1856: 37 (East Indies). Apogon
monochrous (non Bleeker): Smith, SFSA No. 480. Ostorhynchus
apogonides Smith, 1961: 402*.
D VII+I,9; A II,8; P 14; LL 2S; 4-5 predorsal scales; GR 5(15-16)
(developed GR 15-17). Depth 2.7-3.0, head 2.5-2.8 in SL; eye 2.9-3.3 in
head. Teeth on lower jaw caniniform, incurved, largest posteriorly and
larger than upper jaw teeth. Upper jaw teeth villiform posteriorly, becoming caniniform and incurved anteriorly.
13a Enlarged teeth a symphysis and rear of lower jaw;
some enlarged teeth on vomer; 16-17 developed
GR; median stripe extends as a dusky line to tip
of mid Crays ........................................ A. (Nectamia) nitidus
13b Teeth not enlarged, about the same size on both
jaws; lS-19 developed GR; no dusky line
on C ............................................. A. (Nectamia) cyanosoma
14a LL scales 43-45; developed GR 9-10; many dark
lines along side of body, those above LL
follow scale rows and those below LL
horizontal ................................. A. (Lepidamia) multitaeniatus
14b Less than 30 scales in LL .................................................. 15
15a Two or 3 dark stripes along upper side of body;
lower stripe extends to tip of mid C rays; caudal spot
absent; P 15-16 ........................... A. (Nectamia) quadrifasciatus
15b Five dark stripes on body; caudal spot
present ......................................................................... 16
16a Postocular stripe present; last A ray less than 1.2
times penultimate A ray; V dusky ....................................... 17
16b Postocular stripe absent; last A ray 1.3-1.6 times
length of penultimate A ray; V pale ...... A. (Nectamia) angustatus
17a Postacular stripe reaching under second D; caudal
spot round to slightly oval, about size of pupil or
slightly larger and distinctly darker than the
adjacent portion of midlateral (3rd) stripe;
Prays 15 ............................................... A. (Nectamia) cookii
17b Postocular stripe short, usually ending on opercle
edge; caudal spot oval, usually smaller than pupil,
in the form of a slight widening of the midlateral
(3rd) stripe; Prays 14 ...................... A. (Nectamia) taeniophorus
lSa Twenty or more developed GR .......................................... 19
lSb Fewer than 20 developed GR ............................................ 22
19a Dark stripe from lower margin of eye diagonally
across cheek; no horizontal stripes on head; a dark
saddle (or spot) on C base not completely encircling
peduncle; P 13 ............................................................... 20
19b Diagonal stripe on cheek absent; a black band
completely encircling peduncle at C base or caudal
spot present; P usually 14 .................................................. 21
20a Stripe across cheek wide, somewhat triangular
with apex at angle of preopercle; total
GR 26-29 ........................................ A. (Nectamia) savayensis
20b Stripe across cheek narrow; total GR
24-26 .............................................. A. (Nectamia) guamensis
21a First and 2nd soft rays of 2nd D filamentous; small
caudal spot present .......................... A. (Nectamia) flagelliferus
21b No filamentous rays in 2nd D; a black band around
peduncle at C base (or large caudal spot in young
specimens) ........................................... A. (Nectamia) aureus
22a Two or 3 dark vertical bars on body; caudal spot
present or absent; dark ocellus above P present or
absent; V dark ............................................................... 23
22b No vertical bars on body; dark ocellus on body
absent; caudal spot absent (present as a large spot or
dark band in A. aureus); V light ......................................... 25
23a One faint dusky crossbar under each D and
sometimes on C peduncle; caudal spot and ocellus
on body absent; developed GR 7-S ........ A. (Nectamia) timorensis
23b Dark crossbar under each D distinct;
9-13 developed GR ......................................................... 24
548
24a Light brown horizontal lines on side of body; caudal
spot present; ocellus on body present in young,
may disappear with age; P 14-15;
developed GR 9-11 ............................. A. (Nectamia) taeniatus
24b Ocellus above P usually present; a distinct dark bar
on peduncle present; no caudal spot; P 15-16;
developed GR 11-13 .......................... A. (Nectamia) nigripinnis
25a Large dark ocellus on 1st D; P 16; developed GR
12-13 .................................................. A. (Nectamia) queketti
25b No large ocellus on 1st D; P 14-15 ....................................... 26
26a P 14; developed GR 15-17; teeth on lower jaw
caniniform, larger; a dark stripe from snout through
eye to edge of opercle ....................... A. (Nectamia) apogonides
26b P 14-15; developed GR 17-19; a dark narrow
stripe along A base; a dark band on peduncle
at C base (or a large caudal spot in young
specimens) ........................................... A. (Nectamia) aureus
26c P 15; developed GR 15; few slightly enlarged teeth
on side of lower jaw; colour (in alcohol) brown with
edges of scales darker .................... A. (Nectamia?) enigmaricus
175.1 Apogon angustatus
(Smith & Radcliffe, 1911)
PLATE 48
Broadstriped cardinal
Breestreep-kardinaal
Amia angustata Smith & Radcliffe, in Radcliffe, 1911: 253, Fig. 1
(Philippines). Ostorhynchus angustatus: Smith, 1961: 401 *.
D VII + 1,9; A II,S; P 14; LL 2S; predorsal scales 3-4; GR (5-6)+(13-15)
(developed GR 11-15). Depth 2.S-3.0, head 2.6-2.9 in SL; eye 2.5-2.S in
head.
This species belongs to the dark-striped species complex,
members of which usually have 5 horizontal stripes and a
caudal spot. The species distinction within the complex is
not clear. In our area A. angustatus can easily be confused
with A. taeniophorus and A. cookii. A. angustatus has a
distinct, dark, more or less round caudal spot about the size
of the pupil; a dark stripe along base of 2nd D rays; the 5th
stripe extends onto base of A rays; first D transparent except for some pigment on first 3 spines. All 5 stripes narrower than interspaces. Dark basal stripe of 2nd D is narrow
in both sexes. Attains 8 cm. Indo-West and South Pacific;
Red Sea to Natal.
175.2 Apogon apogonides
(Bleeker, 1856)
PLATES 48 & 51
Short-tooth cardinal
Korttand-kardinaal
Cheilodipterus apogonides Bleeker, 1856: 37 (East Indies). Apogon
monochrous (non Bleeker): Smith, SFSA No. 480. Ostorhynchus
apogonides Smith, 1961: 402*.
D VII+I,9; A II,8; P 14; LL 2S; 4-5 predorsal scales; GR 5(15-16)
(developed GR 15-17). Depth 2.7-3.0, head 2.5-2.8 in SL; eye 2.9-3.3 in
head. Teeth on lower jaw caniniform, incurved, largest posteriorly and
larger than upper jaw teeth. Upper jaw teeth villiform posteriorly, becoming caniniform and incurved anteriorly.