1 Pol; 4 Prc, in a single group; males with supracaudal
luminous gland; females with infracaudalluminous gland;
no other luminous tissue on head or body. Two species;
both in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Distance between Pol and A base or ventral
contour of C peduncle 2-2.5 times as great as
that between Pol and LL; SAO forming gentle
arc, convexity directed posteroventrally; Prc4
greatly displaced posterodorsally, Prc3-Prc4
interspace greater than or equal to Prcl-Prc3
interspace .. .. ........... .. ... .... .... .. .... .. ........ .............. . L. dofleini
Ib Pol midway between LL and A base or lower;
SAO on a straight or slightly curved line,
convexity directed anterodorsally; Prc evenly
spaced, with PrCrPrc4 interspace less than
Prcl-Prc3 interspace .. .. .... .......................... .... ...... L. gemellarii
86.92 Lobianchia dofleini
(Zugmayer, 1911)
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) dofleini Zugmayer, 1911: 3 (Mediterranean). Diaphus dofleini: Norman, 1930: 332 (in part); Grindley & Penrith, 1965: 283. Lobianchia dofleini: Hulley, 1972: 226; 1981: 112*; 1984:
84; Wisner, 1976: 96* ; Nafpaktitis et aI., 1977: 96*; Krefft , 1978: 444.
D 15-17; A 13-15; P 10-13; GR (5-6)+(13-15); AO (4-6)+(4-6). Mature
males with supracaudalluminous gland only of 7-8 scale-like structures,
flanked by smaller triangular luminous scales; mature females with
infracaudal luminous gland of about 3 scale-like structures, flanked by
smaller triangular luminous scales.
Attains 50 mm. High-oceanic, mesopelagic; 300 - 750 m
(day); 25 - 400 m (night); size stratification with depth both
day and night. Off all our coasts. Mediterranean, Atlantic
(50 0 N-400S), Indian Ocean (23°-38°S), Tasman Sea and
South Pacific (region of Subtropical Convergence).
~ .. o .. ~·-.~.~
86.92 Lobianchia dofleini: 2.5 em SL.
86.93 Lobianchia gemel/arii
(Cocco, 1838)
Nyctophus gemellarii Cocco, 1838: 186, PI. VII, Fig. 9 (Messina , Italy).
Lobianchia gemellari: Nafpaktitis, 1968: 18*. Lobianchia gemellarii: Nafpaktitis et aI., 1977: 99*; Nafpaktitis, 1978: 5* ; Hulley, 1981: 114*; 1984:
84.
86: MYCTOPHIDAE (LANTERNFISHES)
D 16-18; A 13-15; P 11-13; GR (4-5)+(11-13); AO (4-6)+(5-7). Mature
males with supracaudalluminous gland of 6 scale-like structures, flanked
by smaller, triangular luminous scales; mature females with infracaudal
luminous gland of 2 heart-shaped scales, flanked by smaller, triangular
luminous scales.
Attains 60 mm (breeding popUlation); greater than 100
mm (expatriates). High-oceanic, mesopelagic; 300 - 800 m
(day); 25 - 350 m (night); size stratification with depth
both day and night. Occurs off all our coasts. Worldwide in
tropical/subtropical waters.
86.93 Lobianchia gemel/arii: 4 em SL.
Genus Loweina Fowler, 1925
Maxilla slightly expanded posteriorly, extending well
past orbit; A base longer than Dbase. Dn and Vn present; 5
or 6 PO; 2-4 VO; 2 or 3 SAO; AO series divided into AOa
and AOp; 1 Pol; males with single supracaudalluminous
gland; infracaudalluminous gland absent in females. Three
species; 1 (possibly 2) in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la 2 SAO; 4 VO; GR 8-9; PVOlbehind vertical through
P02 ••••• • ••••••• • ••••• •• .••••• ••• ••••• •• ••••• •••• •••• •• •• •••••••• • ••••••••• L. rara
Ib 3 SAO; 2 VO, at positions corresponding to
VOl and V04; GR 12-13; PVOI in front of
vertical through P02 .... .. .... .... ... .... ..... .... .. .. .. .... .. . L. interrupta
86.94 Loweina interrupta
(Taning, 1928)
Scope/us (Rhinoscope/us) rarus Liitken, 1892: 246* (in part). Myctophum interruptum Hining, 1928: 55 (37°40'S, 120000'E); Norman, 1930:
324; Smith, SFSA No. 194. Loweina interrupta: Wisner, 1976: 79*; Nafpaktitis et aI. , 1977: 83* .
86.94 Loweina interrupta: 3 em SL male "paraleetotype" (after Nafpaktitis et
al. (1977).
311
luminous gland; females with infracaudalluminous gland;
no other luminous tissue on head or body. Two species;
both in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Distance between Pol and A base or ventral
contour of C peduncle 2-2.5 times as great as
that between Pol and LL; SAO forming gentle
arc, convexity directed posteroventrally; Prc4
greatly displaced posterodorsally, Prc3-Prc4
interspace greater than or equal to Prcl-Prc3
interspace .. .. ........... .. ... .... .... .. .... .. ........ .............. . L. dofleini
Ib Pol midway between LL and A base or lower;
SAO on a straight or slightly curved line,
convexity directed anterodorsally; Prc evenly
spaced, with PrCrPrc4 interspace less than
Prcl-Prc3 interspace .. .. .... .......................... .... ...... L. gemellarii
86.92 Lobianchia dofleini
(Zugmayer, 1911)
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) dofleini Zugmayer, 1911: 3 (Mediterranean). Diaphus dofleini: Norman, 1930: 332 (in part); Grindley & Penrith, 1965: 283. Lobianchia dofleini: Hulley, 1972: 226; 1981: 112*; 1984:
84; Wisner, 1976: 96* ; Nafpaktitis et aI., 1977: 96*; Krefft , 1978: 444.
D 15-17; A 13-15; P 10-13; GR (5-6)+(13-15); AO (4-6)+(4-6). Mature
males with supracaudalluminous gland only of 7-8 scale-like structures,
flanked by smaller triangular luminous scales; mature females with
infracaudal luminous gland of about 3 scale-like structures, flanked by
smaller triangular luminous scales.
Attains 50 mm. High-oceanic, mesopelagic; 300 - 750 m
(day); 25 - 400 m (night); size stratification with depth both
day and night. Off all our coasts. Mediterranean, Atlantic
(50 0 N-400S), Indian Ocean (23°-38°S), Tasman Sea and
South Pacific (region of Subtropical Convergence).
~ .. o .. ~·-.~.~
86.92 Lobianchia dofleini: 2.5 em SL.
86.93 Lobianchia gemel/arii
(Cocco, 1838)
Nyctophus gemellarii Cocco, 1838: 186, PI. VII, Fig. 9 (Messina , Italy).
Lobianchia gemellari: Nafpaktitis, 1968: 18*. Lobianchia gemellarii: Nafpaktitis et aI., 1977: 99*; Nafpaktitis, 1978: 5* ; Hulley, 1981: 114*; 1984:
84.
86: MYCTOPHIDAE (LANTERNFISHES)
D 16-18; A 13-15; P 11-13; GR (4-5)+(11-13); AO (4-6)+(5-7). Mature
males with supracaudalluminous gland of 6 scale-like structures, flanked
by smaller, triangular luminous scales; mature females with infracaudal
luminous gland of 2 heart-shaped scales, flanked by smaller, triangular
luminous scales.
Attains 60 mm (breeding popUlation); greater than 100
mm (expatriates). High-oceanic, mesopelagic; 300 - 800 m
(day); 25 - 350 m (night); size stratification with depth
both day and night. Occurs off all our coasts. Worldwide in
tropical/subtropical waters.
86.93 Lobianchia gemel/arii: 4 em SL.
Genus Loweina Fowler, 1925
Maxilla slightly expanded posteriorly, extending well
past orbit; A base longer than Dbase. Dn and Vn present; 5
or 6 PO; 2-4 VO; 2 or 3 SAO; AO series divided into AOa
and AOp; 1 Pol; males with single supracaudalluminous
gland; infracaudalluminous gland absent in females. Three
species; 1 (possibly 2) in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la 2 SAO; 4 VO; GR 8-9; PVOlbehind vertical through
P02 ••••• • ••••••• • ••••• •• .••••• ••• ••••• •• ••••• •••• •••• •• •• •••••••• • ••••••••• L. rara
Ib 3 SAO; 2 VO, at positions corresponding to
VOl and V04; GR 12-13; PVOI in front of
vertical through P02 .... .. .... .... ... .... ..... .... .. .. .. .... .. . L. interrupta
86.94 Loweina interrupta
(Taning, 1928)
Scope/us (Rhinoscope/us) rarus Liitken, 1892: 246* (in part). Myctophum interruptum Hining, 1928: 55 (37°40'S, 120000'E); Norman, 1930:
324; Smith, SFSA No. 194. Loweina interrupta: Wisner, 1976: 79*; Nafpaktitis et aI. , 1977: 83* .
86.94 Loweina interrupta: 3 em SL male "paraleetotype" (after Nafpaktitis et
al. (1977).
311