D 11-13; A 21-24; P 13-17; GR (4-6)+(8-11); AO (5-8)+(10-14).
Mature males with 6-9 supracaudalluminous structures; mature females
with 4-5 infracaudalluminous patches.
Attains 50 mm. High-oceanic, mesopelagic; nyctoepipelagic at surface. Off east and west coasts, south of 30 o S.
Convergence species in all 3 oceans (30
0
-40
0
S).
86.50 Gonichthys cocco
(Cocco, 1829)
Scopelus cocco Cocco, 1829: 143 (Messina, Italy). Gonichthys cocco:
Nafpaktitis et aI., 1977: 86*.
D 10-13; A 21-23; P 13-16; GR (4-5)+(7-9); AO (4-7)+(11-14). Mature
males with 6-8 supracaudalluminous structures; mature females with 3-6
infracaUdalluminous patches.
Attains 60 mm. High-oceanic, mesopelagic; 425 -1 000 m
(day); from surface to 175 m at night. Not yet recorded with
certainty in our area. Mediterranean and Atlantic (50
0
N30 0 S) , but apparently outside the Benguela Upwelling
Region .
86.50 Gonichthys cocco: 5 em SL male (after Nafpaktitis et aI., 1977).
Genus Gymnoscopelus Gunther, 1873
Maxilla slightly expanded posteriorly, extending well
past orbit; D base longer than A base. Dn and Vn well
developed; 5-7 PO; 5-6 VO; AO series divided into AOa
and AOp; 2Pol; Prcseriesin 1 or2groups. Supracaudal and
infracaudal luminous glands absent; some species with
irregularly-shaped patches of luminous tissue on body,
especially below D base. Two subgenera; probably both in
our area.
KEY TO SUBGENERA
la PVO! and PV02 below level of upper base of P .... Gymnoscopelus
Ib PV02 noticeably above level of upper base of P ........ Nasolychnus
Subgenus Gymnoscopelus Gunther, 1873
Four species; possibly all in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la 6-9 Pre, the last never widely separated from rest of series;
D 17-22, its origin in front of vertical at outer base of V ............. 2
86: MYCfOPHIDAE (LANTERNFISHES)
Ib 4-5 Pre, the last usually widely separated from rest of
series; D 14-17 (rarely 18), its origin a little behind
vertical at outer base of V ................................................... 3
2a Total GR 21-24; D 19-22; usually 5 PO; VLO
about midway between LL and V base; CPL less
than UJ .................. .... .................. .. ................ G. (G.) bolini
2b Total GR 30-36; D 17-19; usually 6 PO; VLO
nearer V base than to LL; CPL greater than
UJ .............................................................. G. (G.) nicholsi
3a Total GR 21-25; 5 PO, with P03 elevated
above rest of series; CPL greater than UJ; PreD
43-45% SL ........ .... .. .... .......... .... ........ ...... ...... G. (G.) braueri
3b Total GR 25-28; 6-7 PO, all level; CPL less than
UJ; PreD 48-49% SL ............................... G. (G.) opisthopterus
86.51 Gymnoscope/us (Gymnoscope/us) bolini
Andriashev, 1962
Gymnoscopelus (Gymnoscopelus) bolini Andriashev, 1962: 272, Fig.
34 (53°01'S, 109°30'W); McGinnis, 1974: 199*; Hulley, 1981: 250*.
Lampanyctus nicholsi: Norman, 1930: 326 (in part).
D 19-22; A 19-22; P 12-14; GR (6-7)+(14-17); AO (10-12)+(7-9); Pre
5-6.
Attains 280 mm. High-oceanic, mesopelagic; upper 200
m in region of Antarctic Polar Front, but deeper northwards (night). Not yet recorded from our area. Circumglobal between Subtropical Convergence and Antarctic Polar Front.
86.51 Gymnoscopelus (G.) bolini: 15 em SL.
86.52 Gymnoscope/us (Gymnoscope/us) braueri
(Lonnberg, 1905)
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) braueri L6nnberg, 1905: 764; 1905: 64,
Fig. I (48°54'S, 51°40'W). Myctophum braueri: Norman, 1930: 327 (in
part). Gymnoscopelus (Gymnoscopelus) braueri: Andriashev, 1962: 264*;
McGinnis, 1974: 192*; Hulley, 1981: 253*.
86.52 Gymnoscopelus (G.) braueri: 9.5 em SL.
........... ,
......
299
Mature males with 6-9 supracaudalluminous structures; mature females
with 4-5 infracaudalluminous patches.
Attains 50 mm. High-oceanic, mesopelagic; nyctoepipelagic at surface. Off east and west coasts, south of 30 o S.
Convergence species in all 3 oceans (30
0
-40
0
S).
86.50 Gonichthys cocco
(Cocco, 1829)
Scopelus cocco Cocco, 1829: 143 (Messina, Italy). Gonichthys cocco:
Nafpaktitis et aI., 1977: 86*.
D 10-13; A 21-23; P 13-16; GR (4-5)+(7-9); AO (4-7)+(11-14). Mature
males with 6-8 supracaudalluminous structures; mature females with 3-6
infracaUdalluminous patches.
Attains 60 mm. High-oceanic, mesopelagic; 425 -1 000 m
(day); from surface to 175 m at night. Not yet recorded with
certainty in our area. Mediterranean and Atlantic (50
0
N30 0 S) , but apparently outside the Benguela Upwelling
Region .
86.50 Gonichthys cocco: 5 em SL male (after Nafpaktitis et aI., 1977).
Genus Gymnoscopelus Gunther, 1873
Maxilla slightly expanded posteriorly, extending well
past orbit; D base longer than A base. Dn and Vn well
developed; 5-7 PO; 5-6 VO; AO series divided into AOa
and AOp; 2Pol; Prcseriesin 1 or2groups. Supracaudal and
infracaudal luminous glands absent; some species with
irregularly-shaped patches of luminous tissue on body,
especially below D base. Two subgenera; probably both in
our area.
KEY TO SUBGENERA
la PVO! and PV02 below level of upper base of P .... Gymnoscopelus
Ib PV02 noticeably above level of upper base of P ........ Nasolychnus
Subgenus Gymnoscopelus Gunther, 1873
Four species; possibly all in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la 6-9 Pre, the last never widely separated from rest of series;
D 17-22, its origin in front of vertical at outer base of V ............. 2
86: MYCfOPHIDAE (LANTERNFISHES)
Ib 4-5 Pre, the last usually widely separated from rest of
series; D 14-17 (rarely 18), its origin a little behind
vertical at outer base of V ................................................... 3
2a Total GR 21-24; D 19-22; usually 5 PO; VLO
about midway between LL and V base; CPL less
than UJ .................. .... .................. .. ................ G. (G.) bolini
2b Total GR 30-36; D 17-19; usually 6 PO; VLO
nearer V base than to LL; CPL greater than
UJ .............................................................. G. (G.) nicholsi
3a Total GR 21-25; 5 PO, with P03 elevated
above rest of series; CPL greater than UJ; PreD
43-45% SL ........ .... .. .... .......... .... ........ ...... ...... G. (G.) braueri
3b Total GR 25-28; 6-7 PO, all level; CPL less than
UJ; PreD 48-49% SL ............................... G. (G.) opisthopterus
86.51 Gymnoscope/us (Gymnoscope/us) bolini
Andriashev, 1962
Gymnoscopelus (Gymnoscopelus) bolini Andriashev, 1962: 272, Fig.
34 (53°01'S, 109°30'W); McGinnis, 1974: 199*; Hulley, 1981: 250*.
Lampanyctus nicholsi: Norman, 1930: 326 (in part).
D 19-22; A 19-22; P 12-14; GR (6-7)+(14-17); AO (10-12)+(7-9); Pre
5-6.
Attains 280 mm. High-oceanic, mesopelagic; upper 200
m in region of Antarctic Polar Front, but deeper northwards (night). Not yet recorded from our area. Circumglobal between Subtropical Convergence and Antarctic Polar Front.
86.51 Gymnoscopelus (G.) bolini: 15 em SL.
86.52 Gymnoscope/us (Gymnoscope/us) braueri
(Lonnberg, 1905)
Myctophum (Lampanyctus) braueri L6nnberg, 1905: 764; 1905: 64,
Fig. I (48°54'S, 51°40'W). Myctophum braueri: Norman, 1930: 327 (in
part). Gymnoscopelus (Gymnoscopelus) braueri: Andriashev, 1962: 264*;
McGinnis, 1974: 192*; Hulley, 1981: 253*.
86.52 Gymnoscopelus (G.) braueri: 9.5 em SL.
........... ,
......
299