72.23 Photonectes braueri
(Zugmayer, 1913)
Melanostomias braueri Zugmayer, 1913: 3 (northwest of Azores) .
Photonectes braueri: Regan & Trewavas, 1930: 12*; Morrow & Gibbs ,
1964: 493.
D 15-18; A 17-21; P 2. Photophores in ventral series: IP 8+ 2, PV 21-25 ,
VA V 14-17, AC 10-12, total 57-61 ; photophores in lateral series: OV 2022, VAL 13-15, total 34-37. Vertebrae 51-53 . Barbel very short, 8% ofSL
(half head length) in young, decreasing to 1 % of SL or less in adults ; stem
black ; pale terminal bulb spherical , much wider than stem in young, with a
tiny bulblet at its tip; bulb reduced and hardly discernible in adults.
Attains 28 cm. Off Cape Town; Atlantic and western
Indian Ocean.
72.23 Photonectes braueri: 12 em (after Regan & Trewavas, 1 930).
72.24 Photonectes parvimanus
Regan & Trewavas, 1930
Photonectes parvimanus Regan & Trewavas, 1930: 124, Figs. 118, 119a,
b (northwestern Atlantic); Morrow & Gibbs , 1964: 506. Photonectes
fimbria Regan & Trewavas , 1930: 125, Fig. 119c (southwest of Madeira).
D 17-29; A 21-24; P 2. Photophores in ventral series: IP 8+2-3, PV 3338, VA V 12-14, AC 10-13, total 65-71; photophores in lateral series: OV
30-36, VAL 12-14, total 42-49. Vertebrae 60-65. Small white patches on
shoulder area in adults. Barbel to end of terminal bulb about 4-8% of SL
(IS to Yz head length), its stem black ; terminal bulb considerably wider than
stem in young, about stem width in adults; bulb with a curved, fringed
appendage in young, the appendage straight, fringed at base in adults .
Attains 25 cm. Off west coast; North Atlantic and central
Pacific.
72.24 Photonectes parvimanus: 3 .5 em type; barbels below: left adult, right
young (after Regan & Trewavas, 1930).
Genus Trigonoiampa Regan & Trewavas, 1930
Monotypic.
73: PHOTICHTHYIDAE (LIGHTFISHES)
72.25 Trigono/ampa miriceps
Regan & Trewavas, 1930
Trigonolampa miriceps Regan & Trewavas, 1930: 55, PI. 1, Fig. 2
(northeastern Atlantic); Morrow & Gibbs, 1964: 372*.
D 17-20; A 16-19; P 3-7. Photophores in ventral series: IP 10-12, PV 2126, VAV 20-24, AC 11-14, total 65-70; photophores in lateral series: OV
22-27, VAL 21-26, total 47-49 . Vertebrae 62-64. Body sometimes with 1
or 2 pale stripes on sides. Head with well-developed pale material behind
eye, forming patches and stripes. Barbel to end of terminal bulb 10-17%
of SL, its stem black ; pale terminal bulb slightly wider than stem, with a
long filament at its tip.
Attains 32 cm. Off west coast; apparently circumglobal in
Southern Ocean south of 30 o S; also in North Atlantic.
72.25 Trigono/ampa miriceps: 11 em holotype (after Regan & Trewavas, 1930).
Family No. 73: PHOTICHTHYIDAE
by S. Schaefer, R.K. Johnson & J . Badcock
Lightfishes
Ligvissies
Head and body compressed. Premaxillary teeth uniserial
or biserial, dentary teeth usually biserial anteriorly. Gillrakers well developed. Pseudobranchiae absent (except
Woodsia meyerwaardeni). Scales deciduous. Dorsal
adipose fin present (except Yarrella). Three bony pectoral
fin radials. Photophores on body discrete , arranged in 2 or
more longitudinal rows . Photophores present on isthmus.
Bioluminescent fishes of mesopelagic and bathypelagic
habit (Yarrella and Polymetme are apparently benthic)
found in all oceans. Juveniles and adults in 200 - 800 m by
day, with postlarvae nearer the surface; photichthyids feed
mainly on zooplankton. Seven genera with a total of about
21 species; all genera and 11 species treated here. Grey
(1960 and 1964) reviewed species; Krefft (1973) reviewed
Woodsia and (1983) lchthyococcus. Mukhacheva (1980)
reviewed lchthyococcus. Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean species reviewed by Badcock (1984).
KEY TO GENERA
(by S.H. Weitzman)
la Body with more than 2 rows of photophores on
sides; adipose fin absent; OA photophores
more than 50 ................... ... ... ... ... .. .. .. ................. ... .. Yarrella
Ib Body with 2 rows of photophores on sides; adipose
fin present; OA photophores 16-34 .. .... ........................... .. .... 2
243
(Zugmayer, 1913)
Melanostomias braueri Zugmayer, 1913: 3 (northwest of Azores) .
Photonectes braueri: Regan & Trewavas, 1930: 12*; Morrow & Gibbs ,
1964: 493.
D 15-18; A 17-21; P 2. Photophores in ventral series: IP 8+ 2, PV 21-25 ,
VA V 14-17, AC 10-12, total 57-61 ; photophores in lateral series: OV 2022, VAL 13-15, total 34-37. Vertebrae 51-53 . Barbel very short, 8% ofSL
(half head length) in young, decreasing to 1 % of SL or less in adults ; stem
black ; pale terminal bulb spherical , much wider than stem in young, with a
tiny bulblet at its tip; bulb reduced and hardly discernible in adults.
Attains 28 cm. Off Cape Town; Atlantic and western
Indian Ocean.
72.23 Photonectes braueri: 12 em (after Regan & Trewavas, 1 930).
72.24 Photonectes parvimanus
Regan & Trewavas, 1930
Photonectes parvimanus Regan & Trewavas, 1930: 124, Figs. 118, 119a,
b (northwestern Atlantic); Morrow & Gibbs , 1964: 506. Photonectes
fimbria Regan & Trewavas , 1930: 125, Fig. 119c (southwest of Madeira).
D 17-29; A 21-24; P 2. Photophores in ventral series: IP 8+2-3, PV 3338, VA V 12-14, AC 10-13, total 65-71; photophores in lateral series: OV
30-36, VAL 12-14, total 42-49. Vertebrae 60-65. Small white patches on
shoulder area in adults. Barbel to end of terminal bulb about 4-8% of SL
(IS to Yz head length), its stem black ; terminal bulb considerably wider than
stem in young, about stem width in adults; bulb with a curved, fringed
appendage in young, the appendage straight, fringed at base in adults .
Attains 25 cm. Off west coast; North Atlantic and central
Pacific.
72.24 Photonectes parvimanus: 3 .5 em type; barbels below: left adult, right
young (after Regan & Trewavas, 1930).
Genus Trigonoiampa Regan & Trewavas, 1930
Monotypic.
73: PHOTICHTHYIDAE (LIGHTFISHES)
72.25 Trigono/ampa miriceps
Regan & Trewavas, 1930
Trigonolampa miriceps Regan & Trewavas, 1930: 55, PI. 1, Fig. 2
(northeastern Atlantic); Morrow & Gibbs, 1964: 372*.
D 17-20; A 16-19; P 3-7. Photophores in ventral series: IP 10-12, PV 2126, VAV 20-24, AC 11-14, total 65-70; photophores in lateral series: OV
22-27, VAL 21-26, total 47-49 . Vertebrae 62-64. Body sometimes with 1
or 2 pale stripes on sides. Head with well-developed pale material behind
eye, forming patches and stripes. Barbel to end of terminal bulb 10-17%
of SL, its stem black ; pale terminal bulb slightly wider than stem, with a
long filament at its tip.
Attains 32 cm. Off west coast; apparently circumglobal in
Southern Ocean south of 30 o S; also in North Atlantic.
72.25 Trigono/ampa miriceps: 11 em holotype (after Regan & Trewavas, 1930).
Family No. 73: PHOTICHTHYIDAE
by S. Schaefer, R.K. Johnson & J . Badcock
Lightfishes
Ligvissies
Head and body compressed. Premaxillary teeth uniserial
or biserial, dentary teeth usually biserial anteriorly. Gillrakers well developed. Pseudobranchiae absent (except
Woodsia meyerwaardeni). Scales deciduous. Dorsal
adipose fin present (except Yarrella). Three bony pectoral
fin radials. Photophores on body discrete , arranged in 2 or
more longitudinal rows . Photophores present on isthmus.
Bioluminescent fishes of mesopelagic and bathypelagic
habit (Yarrella and Polymetme are apparently benthic)
found in all oceans. Juveniles and adults in 200 - 800 m by
day, with postlarvae nearer the surface; photichthyids feed
mainly on zooplankton. Seven genera with a total of about
21 species; all genera and 11 species treated here. Grey
(1960 and 1964) reviewed species; Krefft (1973) reviewed
Woodsia and (1983) lchthyococcus. Mukhacheva (1980)
reviewed lchthyococcus. Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean species reviewed by Badcock (1984).
KEY TO GENERA
(by S.H. Weitzman)
la Body with more than 2 rows of photophores on
sides; adipose fin absent; OA photophores
more than 50 ................... ... ... ... ... .. .. .. ................. ... .. Yarrella
Ib Body with 2 rows of photophores on sides; adipose
fin present; OA photophores 16-34 .. .... ........................... .. .... 2
243