Origin and Mechanism of Evolution of Antifreeze Glycoproteins in Polar Fishes
327
24. Scott GK, Hayes PH, Fletcher GL, Davies PL (1988) Wolffish antifreeze
protein genes are primarily organized as tandem repeats that each contain
two genes in inverted orientation. Mol Cell BioI8:3670-3675
25. Scott GK, Fletcher GL, Davies PL (1986) Fish antifreeze proteins: recent
gene evolution. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43: 1 028-1 034
26. Nelson JS (1994) Fishes of the world. Wiley, New York
27. Svetovidov AN (1948) Gadiformes. Israel program for scientific translation,
Jerusalem
28. Eastman IT (1991) Evolution and diversification of Antarctic notothenioid
fishes. Am Zool31 :93-109
29. Chen L, DeVries AL, Cheng C-HC (1997) Evolution of antifreeze
glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:3811-3816
30. Chen L, DeVries AL, Cheng C-HC (1997) Convergent evolution of
antifreeze glycoproteins in Antarctic notothenioid fish and Arctic cod. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 94:3817-3822
31. Logsdon MJ, Doolittle WF (1977) Origin of antifreeze protein genes: a cool
tale in molecular evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:3485-3487
32. Hsiao KC, Cheng C-HC, Fernandes IE, Detrich HW, DeVries AL (1990) An
antifreeze glycopeptide gene from the Antarctic cod Notothenia coriiceps
neglecta encodes a polyprotein of high peptide copy number. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 87: 9265-9269
33. Leaver MJ, George SG (1996) unpublished. Genbank accession number
X56744
34. Levinson G, Gutman GA (1987) Slipped-strand mispairing: a major
mechanism for DNA sequence evolution. Mol BioI EvoI4:203-221
35. Maeda N, Smithies 0 (1986) The evolution of multigene families: human
haptoglobin genes. Annu Rev Genet 20:81-108
36. Lewin B (1994) Genes V. Cell Press, Massachusetts
37. Martin AP, Palumbi SR (1993) Body size, metabolic rate, generation time,
and the molecular clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:4087-4091
38. Clarke A, Johnston IA (1996) Evolution and adaptive radiation of Antarctic
fishes. Trends Ecol EvoI1l:187-228
39. Bargelloni L, Ritchie PA, Patarnello T, Battaglia B, Lambert DM, Meyer A
(1994) Molecular evolution at subzero temperatures: mitochondrial and
nuclear phylogenies of fishes from Antarctica (suborder Notothenioidei) and
the evolution of antifreeze glycopeptides. Mol BioI Evolll :854-863
40. Ohta T (1989) Role of gene duplication in evolution. Genome 31:304-310
41. Piatigorsky J, Wistow G (1991) The recruitment of crystallins: new functions
precede gene duplication. Science 252:1078-1079
42. Patthy L (1996) Exon shuffling and other ways of module exchange. Matrix
Bioi 15:301-310
43. Doolittle RF (1994) Convergent evolution: the need to be explicit. TIBS
19:15-19
44. Hamada H, Petrino MG, Kakaunaga T (1982) A novel repeated element with
Z-DNA forming potential is widely found in evolutionary diverse eukaryotic
genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:6465-6469
327
24. Scott GK, Hayes PH, Fletcher GL, Davies PL (1988) Wolffish antifreeze
protein genes are primarily organized as tandem repeats that each contain
two genes in inverted orientation. Mol Cell BioI8:3670-3675
25. Scott GK, Fletcher GL, Davies PL (1986) Fish antifreeze proteins: recent
gene evolution. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43: 1 028-1 034
26. Nelson JS (1994) Fishes of the world. Wiley, New York
27. Svetovidov AN (1948) Gadiformes. Israel program for scientific translation,
Jerusalem
28. Eastman IT (1991) Evolution and diversification of Antarctic notothenioid
fishes. Am Zool31 :93-109
29. Chen L, DeVries AL, Cheng C-HC (1997) Evolution of antifreeze
glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:3811-3816
30. Chen L, DeVries AL, Cheng C-HC (1997) Convergent evolution of
antifreeze glycoproteins in Antarctic notothenioid fish and Arctic cod. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 94:3817-3822
31. Logsdon MJ, Doolittle WF (1977) Origin of antifreeze protein genes: a cool
tale in molecular evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:3485-3487
32. Hsiao KC, Cheng C-HC, Fernandes IE, Detrich HW, DeVries AL (1990) An
antifreeze glycopeptide gene from the Antarctic cod Notothenia coriiceps
neglecta encodes a polyprotein of high peptide copy number. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 87: 9265-9269
33. Leaver MJ, George SG (1996) unpublished. Genbank accession number
X56744
34. Levinson G, Gutman GA (1987) Slipped-strand mispairing: a major
mechanism for DNA sequence evolution. Mol BioI EvoI4:203-221
35. Maeda N, Smithies 0 (1986) The evolution of multigene families: human
haptoglobin genes. Annu Rev Genet 20:81-108
36. Lewin B (1994) Genes V. Cell Press, Massachusetts
37. Martin AP, Palumbi SR (1993) Body size, metabolic rate, generation time,
and the molecular clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:4087-4091
38. Clarke A, Johnston IA (1996) Evolution and adaptive radiation of Antarctic
fishes. Trends Ecol EvoI1l:187-228
39. Bargelloni L, Ritchie PA, Patarnello T, Battaglia B, Lambert DM, Meyer A
(1994) Molecular evolution at subzero temperatures: mitochondrial and
nuclear phylogenies of fishes from Antarctica (suborder Notothenioidei) and
the evolution of antifreeze glycopeptides. Mol BioI Evolll :854-863
40. Ohta T (1989) Role of gene duplication in evolution. Genome 31:304-310
41. Piatigorsky J, Wistow G (1991) The recruitment of crystallins: new functions
precede gene duplication. Science 252:1078-1079
42. Patthy L (1996) Exon shuffling and other ways of module exchange. Matrix
Bioi 15:301-310
43. Doolittle RF (1994) Convergent evolution: the need to be explicit. TIBS
19:15-19
44. Hamada H, Petrino MG, Kakaunaga T (1982) A novel repeated element with
Z-DNA forming potential is widely found in evolutionary diverse eukaryotic
genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:6465-6469