296
Wei-Jen Chen et al.
Conclusion
Our nucleotide sequence data from two mitochondrial genes of 14 species
of Channichthyidae allowed reconstruction of a complete and reliable
phylogeny of the family except for the relationships of Chaenocephalus.
This study offered an example of obtaining a better resolution when the
total evidence strategy is chosen. Only one node over 13 has a bootstrap
proportion below 50% and 9 above 70%. Our molecular tree supports most
of the clades proposed by Iwami [2] on the basis of morphological
characters. For the differing points, the principle of parsimony shows that
there is no real contradiction between morphology and molecules. Indeed,
the molecular position of Channichthys requires no extra step in the
morphological matrix of Iwami. A reinterpretation of Voskoboinikova's
developmental data shows that the most advanced channichthyids are the
most pedomorphic. Assuming a molecular clock and a calibration based on
the perciform fossil record, the channichthyid family dates back to the time
of the polar front formation.
Acknowledgments
This work is a part of the EPOS ESF program and was also coordinated within the
European Science Foundation Network "Fishes of the Antarctic Ocean." The
CNRS GDR 1005 provided financial support. We are especially grateful to Drs. C.
Ozouf-Costaz, E. Pisano, C. Zimmermann, and R. Williams for having provided
samples. We especially thank L. Bargelloni for having provided D-Ioop primer
sequences and D-Ioop unpublished sequences of Chionodraco hamatus from the
Ross Sea. We thank P. Ritchie for early attempts in amplifying channichthyid
cytochrome b.
References
1. Eastman IT (1993) Antarctic fish biology: evolution in a unique
environment. Academic Press, San Diego
2. Iwami T (1985) Osteology and relationships of the family Channichthyidae.
Mem Nat! Inst Polar Res, Ser E 36: 1-69, Tokyo
3. Hastings PA (1993) Relationships of the fishes of the perciform suborder
Notothenioidei. In: Miller RG (ed) A history and atlas of the fishes of the
Antarctic Ocean. Foresta Institute for Ocean and Mountain Studies, Carson
City, Nevada, CA, pp 99-107
4. Bargelloni L, Ritchie PA, Patamello T, Battaglia B, Lambert DM, Meyer A
(1994) Molecular evolution at subzero temperatures: mitochondrial and
nuclear phylogenies of fishes from Antarctica (suborder Notothenioidei), and
the evolution of antifreeze glycopetide. Mol BioI Evol11 :854-86
Wei-Jen Chen et al.
Conclusion
Our nucleotide sequence data from two mitochondrial genes of 14 species
of Channichthyidae allowed reconstruction of a complete and reliable
phylogeny of the family except for the relationships of Chaenocephalus.
This study offered an example of obtaining a better resolution when the
total evidence strategy is chosen. Only one node over 13 has a bootstrap
proportion below 50% and 9 above 70%. Our molecular tree supports most
of the clades proposed by Iwami [2] on the basis of morphological
characters. For the differing points, the principle of parsimony shows that
there is no real contradiction between morphology and molecules. Indeed,
the molecular position of Channichthys requires no extra step in the
morphological matrix of Iwami. A reinterpretation of Voskoboinikova's
developmental data shows that the most advanced channichthyids are the
most pedomorphic. Assuming a molecular clock and a calibration based on
the perciform fossil record, the channichthyid family dates back to the time
of the polar front formation.
Acknowledgments
This work is a part of the EPOS ESF program and was also coordinated within the
European Science Foundation Network "Fishes of the Antarctic Ocean." The
CNRS GDR 1005 provided financial support. We are especially grateful to Drs. C.
Ozouf-Costaz, E. Pisano, C. Zimmermann, and R. Williams for having provided
samples. We especially thank L. Bargelloni for having provided D-Ioop primer
sequences and D-Ioop unpublished sequences of Chionodraco hamatus from the
Ross Sea. We thank P. Ritchie for early attempts in amplifying channichthyid
cytochrome b.
References
1. Eastman IT (1993) Antarctic fish biology: evolution in a unique
environment. Academic Press, San Diego
2. Iwami T (1985) Osteology and relationships of the family Channichthyidae.
Mem Nat! Inst Polar Res, Ser E 36: 1-69, Tokyo
3. Hastings PA (1993) Relationships of the fishes of the perciform suborder
Notothenioidei. In: Miller RG (ed) A history and atlas of the fishes of the
Antarctic Ocean. Foresta Institute for Ocean and Mountain Studies, Carson
City, Nevada, CA, pp 99-107
4. Bargelloni L, Ritchie PA, Patamello T, Battaglia B, Lambert DM, Meyer A
(1994) Molecular evolution at subzero temperatures: mitochondrial and
nuclear phylogenies of fishes from Antarctica (suborder Notothenioidei), and
the evolution of antifreeze glycopetide. Mol BioI Evol11 :854-86