Chapter 14
Bioaccumulation and Removal Dynamics
of Murine Norovirus in Manila Clams
(Venerupis philippinarum) and Mussels
(Mytilus galloprovincialis)
D. Polo, C. ´
Alvarez, J. D´ ıez, C.F. Manso, M. Angulo, M.L. Vilari ˜
no,
S. Darriba, A. Longa, and J.L. Romalde
Introduction
Infectious diseases associated with shellfish consumption have been widely reported
(Butt et al. 2004; Koopmans and Duizer 2004). Historically, the study of food-borne
diseases associated with contaminated shellfish has mainly focused on bacterial
pathogens. As a result, the development and design of shellfish sanitary controls and
depuration practices has been strongly influenced and guided with the purpose to
eliminate fecal coliforms. Compliance with the end-product fecal coliform standard
is frequently mistakenly seen as a evidence of a satisfactory depuration process.
However, due to their filter feeding nature, shellfish also provide a potential vehicle
of transmission for a wide variety of others infectious agents, making the bivalve
molluscs a high-risk food group (Butt et al. 2004; Polo et al. 2010; Vilari˜ no et al.
2009). Human enteric viruses can be bioaccumulated and retained by shellfish. In
fact, outbreaks after consumption of shellfish contaminated with enteric viruses like
norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) have been widely reported (Koopmans
and Duizer 2004; Lees 2000).
D. Polo • C.F. Manso • M.L. Vilari˜ no • J.L. Romalde ()
Departamento de Microbiolog´ ıa y Parasitolog´ ıa, CIBUS- Facultad de Biolog´ ıa,
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
e-mail: david.polo@usc.es; carmenmaria.fernandez@usc.es; marialuz.vilarino@usc.es;
jesus.romalde@usc.es
C. ´
Alvarez • S. Darriba
INTECMAR (Instituto Tecnol´ oxico para o Control do Medio Mari˜ no de Galicia), Conseller´ ıa do
Mar. Peirao de Vilaxo´ an, Vilagarc´ ıa de Arousa, Spain
e-mail: calvarez@intecmar.org; sdarriba@intecmar.org
J. D´ ıez • A. Longa
Consello Regulador Denominaci´ on de Orixe Mexill´ on de Galicia, Vilagarc´ ıa de Arousa, Spain
M. Angulo
TRAGSATEC, Pontevedra, Spain
G. Sauv´ e (ed.), Molluscan Shellfish Safety, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6588-7 14,
© Springer ScienceCBusiness Media Dordrecht 2014
165
Bioaccumulation and Removal Dynamics
of Murine Norovirus in Manila Clams
(Venerupis philippinarum) and Mussels
(Mytilus galloprovincialis)
D. Polo, C. ´
Alvarez, J. D´ ıez, C.F. Manso, M. Angulo, M.L. Vilari ˜
no,
S. Darriba, A. Longa, and J.L. Romalde
Introduction
Infectious diseases associated with shellfish consumption have been widely reported
(Butt et al. 2004; Koopmans and Duizer 2004). Historically, the study of food-borne
diseases associated with contaminated shellfish has mainly focused on bacterial
pathogens. As a result, the development and design of shellfish sanitary controls and
depuration practices has been strongly influenced and guided with the purpose to
eliminate fecal coliforms. Compliance with the end-product fecal coliform standard
is frequently mistakenly seen as a evidence of a satisfactory depuration process.
However, due to their filter feeding nature, shellfish also provide a potential vehicle
of transmission for a wide variety of others infectious agents, making the bivalve
molluscs a high-risk food group (Butt et al. 2004; Polo et al. 2010; Vilari˜ no et al.
2009). Human enteric viruses can be bioaccumulated and retained by shellfish. In
fact, outbreaks after consumption of shellfish contaminated with enteric viruses like
norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) have been widely reported (Koopmans
and Duizer 2004; Lees 2000).
D. Polo • C.F. Manso • M.L. Vilari˜ no • J.L. Romalde ()
Departamento de Microbiolog´ ıa y Parasitolog´ ıa, CIBUS- Facultad de Biolog´ ıa,
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
e-mail: david.polo@usc.es; carmenmaria.fernandez@usc.es; marialuz.vilarino@usc.es;
jesus.romalde@usc.es
C. ´
Alvarez • S. Darriba
INTECMAR (Instituto Tecnol´ oxico para o Control do Medio Mari˜ no de Galicia), Conseller´ ıa do
Mar. Peirao de Vilaxo´ an, Vilagarc´ ıa de Arousa, Spain
e-mail: calvarez@intecmar.org; sdarriba@intecmar.org
J. D´ ıez • A. Longa
Consello Regulador Denominaci´ on de Orixe Mexill´ on de Galicia, Vilagarc´ ıa de Arousa, Spain
M. Angulo
TRAGSATEC, Pontevedra, Spain
G. Sauv´ e (ed.), Molluscan Shellfish Safety, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6588-7 14,
© Springer ScienceCBusiness Media Dordrecht 2014
165