218
References
Elendt B-P (1989) Effects of starvation on growth, reproduction, survival and biochemical
composition of Daphnia magna. Arch Hydrobioll16: 415-433
Elrifi I R Turpin D H (1985) Steady-state luxury consumption and the concept of optimum
nutrient ratios: a study with phosphate and nitrate limited Selenastrum minutum
(Chlorophyta). J Phycol21: 592-602
Elser J J Elser M M MacKay N A Carpenter S R (1988) Zooplankton-mediated transitions
between N- and P-limited algal growth. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 1-14
Elstad C A (1986) Population dynamics and nutrient fluxes in an aquatic microcosm. Hydrobiologia 137: 223-237
Eppley R W Sloan P R (1966) Growth rates of marine phytoplankton: correlation with light
absorption by cell chlorophyll a. Physiol Plant 19: 47-59
Faafeng B Brettum P Hessen D 0 (1990) National survey of trophy status of 355 Norwegian
lakes [in Norwegian). Norwegian Institute for Water Research. (OvervAkingsrapport nr
389/90)
Falkowski P G Dubinsky Z Wyman K (1985) Growth-irradiance relationships in phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 311-321
Fogg G E (1966) The extracellular products of algae. Oceanogr Mar BioI Annu Rev 4: 195-212
Frank P W (1952) A laboratory study of intraspecies and interspecies competition in Daphnia
pulicaria (Forbes) and Simocephalus vetulus C. F. Maner. Physiol Zoo125: 178-204
Frank P W Boll C D Kelly R W (1957) Vital statistics of laboratory cultures of Daphnia pulex
De Geer as related to density. Physiol Zoo13O: 287-305
Frauenthal J C (1986) Analysis of age-structure models. In: Hallam T G Levin S A (eds)
Mathematical ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 117-147
Freedman H I Wolkowicz G S K (1986) Predator-prey systems with group defence: the
paradox of enrichment revisited. Bull Math BioI 48: 493-508
Fuchs G W Demmerle S D Canelli E Chen M (1972) Characterization of phosphorus-limited
plankton algae. Am Soc Limnol Oceanogr Spec Symp 1: 113-133
Furnas M J (1990) In situ growth rates of marine phytoplankton: approaches to measurement,
community and species growth rates. J Plankton Res 12: 1117-1151
GanfG G Shiel R J (1985) Particle capture by Daphnia carinata. Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 36:
371-381
Gard T C Hallam T G (1979) Persistence in food webs: 1. Lotka-Volterra food chains. Bull
Math BioI 41: 877-891
Geider R J (1987) Light and temperature dependence of the carbon to chlorophyll a ratio in
microalgae and cyanobacteria: implications for physiology and growth of phytoplankton.
New Phytol 106: 1-34
Geider R J Osborne B A Raven J A (1985) Light effects on growth and photosynthesis of
Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Phycol21: 609-619
Geller W (1975) Die Nahrungsaufnahme von Daphnia pulex in Abhiingigkeit von der Futterkonzentration, der Temperatur, der Klirpergrosse und dem Hungerzustand der Tiere. Arch
Hydrobiol Beih 48: 47-107
Gerritsen J Strickler J R (1977) Encounter probabilities and community structure in
zooplankton: a mathematical model. J Fish Res Board Can 34: 73-82
Gilpin ME (1972) Enriched predator-prey systems: theoretical stability. Science 177: 902-904
Gilpin M E (1979) Spiral chaos in a predator-prey model. Am Nat 113: 306-308
Glazier D S (1991) Separating the respiration rates of embryos and brooding females of
Daphnia magna: implications for the cost of brooding and the allometry of metabolic rate.
Limnol Oceanogr 36: 354-362
Gliwicz Z M (1986) Predation and the evolution of vertical migration in zooplankton. Nature
320:746-748
Gliwicz Z M (1990) Why do c1adocerans fail to control algal blooms? Hydrobiologia 200/201:
83-97
Gliwicz Z M Lampert W (1990) Food thresholds in Daphnia species in the absence and
presence of blue-green maments. Ecology 71: 691-702
References
Elendt B-P (1989) Effects of starvation on growth, reproduction, survival and biochemical
composition of Daphnia magna. Arch Hydrobioll16: 415-433
Elrifi I R Turpin D H (1985) Steady-state luxury consumption and the concept of optimum
nutrient ratios: a study with phosphate and nitrate limited Selenastrum minutum
(Chlorophyta). J Phycol21: 592-602
Elser J J Elser M M MacKay N A Carpenter S R (1988) Zooplankton-mediated transitions
between N- and P-limited algal growth. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 1-14
Elstad C A (1986) Population dynamics and nutrient fluxes in an aquatic microcosm. Hydrobiologia 137: 223-237
Eppley R W Sloan P R (1966) Growth rates of marine phytoplankton: correlation with light
absorption by cell chlorophyll a. Physiol Plant 19: 47-59
Faafeng B Brettum P Hessen D 0 (1990) National survey of trophy status of 355 Norwegian
lakes [in Norwegian). Norwegian Institute for Water Research. (OvervAkingsrapport nr
389/90)
Falkowski P G Dubinsky Z Wyman K (1985) Growth-irradiance relationships in phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 311-321
Fogg G E (1966) The extracellular products of algae. Oceanogr Mar BioI Annu Rev 4: 195-212
Frank P W (1952) A laboratory study of intraspecies and interspecies competition in Daphnia
pulicaria (Forbes) and Simocephalus vetulus C. F. Maner. Physiol Zoo125: 178-204
Frank P W Boll C D Kelly R W (1957) Vital statistics of laboratory cultures of Daphnia pulex
De Geer as related to density. Physiol Zoo13O: 287-305
Frauenthal J C (1986) Analysis of age-structure models. In: Hallam T G Levin S A (eds)
Mathematical ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 117-147
Freedman H I Wolkowicz G S K (1986) Predator-prey systems with group defence: the
paradox of enrichment revisited. Bull Math BioI 48: 493-508
Fuchs G W Demmerle S D Canelli E Chen M (1972) Characterization of phosphorus-limited
plankton algae. Am Soc Limnol Oceanogr Spec Symp 1: 113-133
Furnas M J (1990) In situ growth rates of marine phytoplankton: approaches to measurement,
community and species growth rates. J Plankton Res 12: 1117-1151
GanfG G Shiel R J (1985) Particle capture by Daphnia carinata. Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 36:
371-381
Gard T C Hallam T G (1979) Persistence in food webs: 1. Lotka-Volterra food chains. Bull
Math BioI 41: 877-891
Geider R J (1987) Light and temperature dependence of the carbon to chlorophyll a ratio in
microalgae and cyanobacteria: implications for physiology and growth of phytoplankton.
New Phytol 106: 1-34
Geider R J Osborne B A Raven J A (1985) Light effects on growth and photosynthesis of
Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Phycol21: 609-619
Geller W (1975) Die Nahrungsaufnahme von Daphnia pulex in Abhiingigkeit von der Futterkonzentration, der Temperatur, der Klirpergrosse und dem Hungerzustand der Tiere. Arch
Hydrobiol Beih 48: 47-107
Gerritsen J Strickler J R (1977) Encounter probabilities and community structure in
zooplankton: a mathematical model. J Fish Res Board Can 34: 73-82
Gilpin ME (1972) Enriched predator-prey systems: theoretical stability. Science 177: 902-904
Gilpin M E (1979) Spiral chaos in a predator-prey model. Am Nat 113: 306-308
Glazier D S (1991) Separating the respiration rates of embryos and brooding females of
Daphnia magna: implications for the cost of brooding and the allometry of metabolic rate.
Limnol Oceanogr 36: 354-362
Gliwicz Z M (1986) Predation and the evolution of vertical migration in zooplankton. Nature
320:746-748
Gliwicz Z M (1990) Why do c1adocerans fail to control algal blooms? Hydrobiologia 200/201:
83-97
Gliwicz Z M Lampert W (1990) Food thresholds in Daphnia species in the absence and
presence of blue-green maments. Ecology 71: 691-702