holothuroids. The Hassler Expedition (1871–1872) explored the Brazilian coast
southward to the Magellan Strait. Lyman (1875) described the ophiuroids and
A. Agassiz (1873) the echinoids of this expedition. One of the most important
expeditions was that of the Challenger (1872–1876), which established knowledge
of the deep sea echinoderms, as well as other deep sea groups in the region. The
echinoderms from this famous expedition were described by A. Agassiz (1881;
Echinoidea), Lyman (1882; Ophiuroidea), Théel (1882, 1886; Holothuroidea),
Carpenter (1884, 1888; Crinoidea), and Sladen (1889; Asteroidea). From 1874 to
1876 the Gazelle explored the same region. From the collections of this expedition,
Studer examined the ophiuroids (1882), asteroids (1883) and echinoids (1880),
while Lampert (1889) examined the holothuroids. The Albatross (1888–1904)
explored a great part of the world, including the Argentina Sea. Agassiz (1904)
studied the echinoids, Ohshima (1915) studied the holothuroids and Clark (1915,
1947) the crinoids.
The vessels Vettor Pisani and Alert, the expedition Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise (1892–1893), and the Mission scientifique du Cap Horn
(1882–1883) explored the southern region around the Magellan Strait, the coast of
Patagonia and the Beagle Channel. The ophiuroids and holothuroids were studied
by Ludwig (1886, 1898, 1899) and echinoderms in general by Bell (1881) and
Perrier (1891).
Between 1897 and 1910, Antarctic expeditions from different countries
explored the Argentine waters and Subantarctic Islands. The Belgian Antarctic
Expedition 1897–1899, the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition on the SY
Scotia 1903–1904, the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901–1903, the German
Antarctic Expedition 1901–1903. Koehler (1902, 1908, 1923) studied the ophiuroids, Hérouard (1906), Ekman (1925) and Vaney (1909) the holothuroids, Andersson (1904), Mortensen (1918), Vaney and John (1939) the crinoids, Ludwig
(1903) and Koehler (1923) the asteroids, and Koehler (1902) and Mortensen
(1920a) the echinoids. The French Antarctic expeditions during 1903–1905 (on the
Français vessel) and during 1908–1910 (on the Pourquoi-Pas? IV vessel) collected invertebrates. The holothuroids from this campaign were identified by
Vaney (1906, 1914). Two British campaigns: RV Scoresby (1926–1936) and RV
Discovery (1927–1932) explored the Southern Ocean. Mortensen (1936) identified
the ophiuroids and echinoids, John (1938) identified the crinoids, Fisher (1940)
identified the asteroids, and Ahearn (1994) identified the holothuroids.
The R/V Vema (1958–1962), from the Lamont Geological Observatory,
explored the Argentine Basin. Bernasconi (1966b) studied both echinoids and
asteroids. The Campagne de la Calypso in 1961–1962, explored 29 stations on the
shelf off Uruguay and northern Argentina (33–39°S) and a few samples from
Nuevo gulf. Most results were published in special issues of the Annales de
l’Institut Oceanographique (Monaco), vols. 44 (1966), 45 (1967), 47 (1969–1970),
49 (1973), and 55 (1979).
The US Antarctic Research Program onboard the USNS Eltanin from 1961 to
1966 studied the Magellan region and Malvinas Islands. Agatep (1967), Pawson
(1977) and Speel and Dearborn (1983) studied the ophiuroids, holothuroids and
11 Echinoderms from Argentina
365
southward to the Magellan Strait. Lyman (1875) described the ophiuroids and
A. Agassiz (1873) the echinoids of this expedition. One of the most important
expeditions was that of the Challenger (1872–1876), which established knowledge
of the deep sea echinoderms, as well as other deep sea groups in the region. The
echinoderms from this famous expedition were described by A. Agassiz (1881;
Echinoidea), Lyman (1882; Ophiuroidea), Théel (1882, 1886; Holothuroidea),
Carpenter (1884, 1888; Crinoidea), and Sladen (1889; Asteroidea). From 1874 to
1876 the Gazelle explored the same region. From the collections of this expedition,
Studer examined the ophiuroids (1882), asteroids (1883) and echinoids (1880),
while Lampert (1889) examined the holothuroids. The Albatross (1888–1904)
explored a great part of the world, including the Argentina Sea. Agassiz (1904)
studied the echinoids, Ohshima (1915) studied the holothuroids and Clark (1915,
1947) the crinoids.
The vessels Vettor Pisani and Alert, the expedition Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise (1892–1893), and the Mission scientifique du Cap Horn
(1882–1883) explored the southern region around the Magellan Strait, the coast of
Patagonia and the Beagle Channel. The ophiuroids and holothuroids were studied
by Ludwig (1886, 1898, 1899) and echinoderms in general by Bell (1881) and
Perrier (1891).
Between 1897 and 1910, Antarctic expeditions from different countries
explored the Argentine waters and Subantarctic Islands. The Belgian Antarctic
Expedition 1897–1899, the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition on the SY
Scotia 1903–1904, the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901–1903, the German
Antarctic Expedition 1901–1903. Koehler (1902, 1908, 1923) studied the ophiuroids, Hérouard (1906), Ekman (1925) and Vaney (1909) the holothuroids, Andersson (1904), Mortensen (1918), Vaney and John (1939) the crinoids, Ludwig
(1903) and Koehler (1923) the asteroids, and Koehler (1902) and Mortensen
(1920a) the echinoids. The French Antarctic expeditions during 1903–1905 (on the
Français vessel) and during 1908–1910 (on the Pourquoi-Pas? IV vessel) collected invertebrates. The holothuroids from this campaign were identified by
Vaney (1906, 1914). Two British campaigns: RV Scoresby (1926–1936) and RV
Discovery (1927–1932) explored the Southern Ocean. Mortensen (1936) identified
the ophiuroids and echinoids, John (1938) identified the crinoids, Fisher (1940)
identified the asteroids, and Ahearn (1994) identified the holothuroids.
The R/V Vema (1958–1962), from the Lamont Geological Observatory,
explored the Argentine Basin. Bernasconi (1966b) studied both echinoids and
asteroids. The Campagne de la Calypso in 1961–1962, explored 29 stations on the
shelf off Uruguay and northern Argentina (33–39°S) and a few samples from
Nuevo gulf. Most results were published in special issues of the Annales de
l’Institut Oceanographique (Monaco), vols. 44 (1966), 45 (1967), 47 (1969–1970),
49 (1973), and 55 (1979).
The US Antarctic Research Program onboard the USNS Eltanin from 1961 to
1966 studied the Magellan region and Malvinas Islands. Agatep (1967), Pawson
(1977) and Speel and Dearborn (1983) studied the ophiuroids, holothuroids and
11 Echinoderms from Argentina
365