expeditions in the Mexican Pacific produced papers by Lyman (1879, 1882), Théel
(1879), Agassiz (1881a, b), Carpenter (1884) and Sladen (1889). The Albatross
expedition in 1884 to the Mexican Caribbean resulted in the reports of Rathbun
(1885) for some sea urchins. The Mexican Pacific expedition in 1891 resulted in
reports by Ludwig (1893) and Hartlaub (1895).
Few expeditions have been made during the twentieth century. Several nonMexican authors wrote different reports that included echinoderms from Mexican
waters. The reports of Ludwig (1905) and Clark (1917, 1920a, b) were based on
material collected by the last Albatross expedition from 1899 to 1905. The
expeditions to the East Pacific made by the Velero III under the direction of
Captain Allan Hancock during 1931–1941 resulted in the description of Mexican
echinoderms by Clark (1948), Ziesenhenne (1940, 1942), Deichmann (1941, 1958)
and Domantay (1953, 1961). The Templeton Crocker Expedition on board of the
Zaca took place in the Gulf of California in 1936, Deichmann (1937) and
Ziesenhenne (1937) described the holothuroids and echinoids of that area. In 1937
and 1938, again on board of the Zaca, the Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New
York Zoological Society resulted in publications by Deichmann (1938) and Clark
(1940). In 1940, Steinbeck and Ricketts made an expedition to the Gulf of
California on board the Western Flyer and cataloged more than 550 species of
animals, including echinoderms (Steinbeck and Ricketts 1941). Fisher (1906),
Clark (1913, 1923a, b, 1933, 1916, 1918, 1954), Boone (1926) and Deichmann
(1930) published on Mexican echinoderms from different collections.
During the second half and the end of the twentieth century, several authors
continued to describe new species or published checklists of the echinoderms of
Mexico, such as Clark (1940), Deichmann (1941, 1954, 1963), Fell (1962),
Thomas (1962), Parker (1963), Schroeder (1964), Phelan (1970), Downey (1972,
1973), Brusca (1973, 1980), Litvinova (1975), Lessios et al. (1984a, b), Hendler
and Turner (1987), Hendler and Peck (1988), Maluf (1988), Kerstitch (1989),
Solís-Marín et al. 1993), Hendler et al. (1995), Cutress (1996), Hendler (1996),
Roux and Pawson (1999), Sagarin et al. (2008) and Pawson et al. (2009).
Massin and Hendrickx (2010) described a new species of the genus Synallactes
(S. virgulasolida) collected during a deep-water benthic fauna survey off the
Pacific coast of Mexico in the East Pacific, on board the R/V El Puma. This was
the first record of a Synallactes in the Gulf of California.
Massin and Hendrickx (2011) studied the deep-water holothurians
(377–2,200 m) collected during the research cruises aboard the R/V ‘‘El Puma’’
from the Mexican Pacific and Gulf of California, recording 13 species, two of which
were new to science (Ypsilocucumis californiae and Mitsukuriella unusordo).
The small number of specimens collected during this survey compared to other
areas of the world could be linked to the limiting effect of the Pacific Mexico
Oxygen Minimum Zone.
Honey-Escandón et al. (2011) described a new of species of holothuroid
(Holothuria carere) from the shallow waters of the Mexican Pacific.
Mexican expeditions did not take place until 1939 and added more species to
the list of echinoderms. The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
2 The Echinoderms of Mexico
15
(1879), Agassiz (1881a, b), Carpenter (1884) and Sladen (1889). The Albatross
expedition in 1884 to the Mexican Caribbean resulted in the reports of Rathbun
(1885) for some sea urchins. The Mexican Pacific expedition in 1891 resulted in
reports by Ludwig (1893) and Hartlaub (1895).
Few expeditions have been made during the twentieth century. Several nonMexican authors wrote different reports that included echinoderms from Mexican
waters. The reports of Ludwig (1905) and Clark (1917, 1920a, b) were based on
material collected by the last Albatross expedition from 1899 to 1905. The
expeditions to the East Pacific made by the Velero III under the direction of
Captain Allan Hancock during 1931–1941 resulted in the description of Mexican
echinoderms by Clark (1948), Ziesenhenne (1940, 1942), Deichmann (1941, 1958)
and Domantay (1953, 1961). The Templeton Crocker Expedition on board of the
Zaca took place in the Gulf of California in 1936, Deichmann (1937) and
Ziesenhenne (1937) described the holothuroids and echinoids of that area. In 1937
and 1938, again on board of the Zaca, the Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New
York Zoological Society resulted in publications by Deichmann (1938) and Clark
(1940). In 1940, Steinbeck and Ricketts made an expedition to the Gulf of
California on board the Western Flyer and cataloged more than 550 species of
animals, including echinoderms (Steinbeck and Ricketts 1941). Fisher (1906),
Clark (1913, 1923a, b, 1933, 1916, 1918, 1954), Boone (1926) and Deichmann
(1930) published on Mexican echinoderms from different collections.
During the second half and the end of the twentieth century, several authors
continued to describe new species or published checklists of the echinoderms of
Mexico, such as Clark (1940), Deichmann (1941, 1954, 1963), Fell (1962),
Thomas (1962), Parker (1963), Schroeder (1964), Phelan (1970), Downey (1972,
1973), Brusca (1973, 1980), Litvinova (1975), Lessios et al. (1984a, b), Hendler
and Turner (1987), Hendler and Peck (1988), Maluf (1988), Kerstitch (1989),
Solís-Marín et al. 1993), Hendler et al. (1995), Cutress (1996), Hendler (1996),
Roux and Pawson (1999), Sagarin et al. (2008) and Pawson et al. (2009).
Massin and Hendrickx (2010) described a new species of the genus Synallactes
(S. virgulasolida) collected during a deep-water benthic fauna survey off the
Pacific coast of Mexico in the East Pacific, on board the R/V El Puma. This was
the first record of a Synallactes in the Gulf of California.
Massin and Hendrickx (2011) studied the deep-water holothurians
(377–2,200 m) collected during the research cruises aboard the R/V ‘‘El Puma’’
from the Mexican Pacific and Gulf of California, recording 13 species, two of which
were new to science (Ypsilocucumis californiae and Mitsukuriella unusordo).
The small number of specimens collected during this survey compared to other
areas of the world could be linked to the limiting effect of the Pacific Mexico
Oxygen Minimum Zone.
Honey-Escandón et al. (2011) described a new of species of holothuroid
(Holothuria carere) from the shallow waters of the Mexican Pacific.
Mexican expeditions did not take place until 1939 and added more species to
the list of echinoderms. The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
2 The Echinoderms of Mexico
15