48
The Suez Canal
(Natterer, 1898)]. Morcos (1972) gives a most useful summary of early chemical
investigations in the Canal.
The new century started with the fundamental ichthyological work of Tillier
(1902) which also contained much environment al information. This was followed
by the equally important publication by Tillier and Bavay (1905) on the shelled
molluscs ofthe Suez Canal.
In the years that followed, the appearance of Red Sea immigrants in the
Mediterranean was recorded for thefirst time: Jordan and Hubbs (1917) reported
the finding ofthe Red Sea fish Pranesus pinguis at Port Said and Fox (1924) that of
the swimming crab Portunus pelagicus as far as Haifa.
In 1924 an expedition to the Suez Canal was organized by the Royal Society,
known afterwards as "The Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924". The
group led by H. M. Fox and comprising R. Gurney, V. C. Robinson, and D. N.
Twist, spent the months of October, November, and December 1924 along the
Canal.
This was to be the only organized zoological expedition to the Suez Canal; the
results which appeared in the Transactions of the Zoological Society between
1926-1929 were to be the only exhaustive body of knowledge on the biota of the
Canal. Altogether 37 papers on the diverse animal groups resulted, accompanied
by Fox's comments and conclusions. The only other long-term enterprise on the
Canal was that of Gruvel and Moazzo (1932-1934) which, besides a general
biological and fisheries description of the Canal by Gruvel (1936), produced only
the ichthyological papers by Chabanaud (1932-1934), the malacological paper by
Moazzo (1939) and the data of Monod (1933, 1937, 1938) on the Crustacea. Since
then only short visits to the Suez Canal were carried out by Tortonese in 1944---45
and Beets in 1950.
Two expeditions collected and studied considerable material from the vicinity
of the Suez Canal. One of them, the "Mission Robert Ph. Dolfuss en Egypte"
between December 1927 and March 1929, collected in the Egyptian Red Sea and
had its results published in a number of papers in 1933, 1938, and 1959. The
activity of Steuer resulted in aseries of taxonomic papers entitled "The Fishery
Grounds near Alexandria" between 1935 and 1939.
The appearance ofRedSea migrants along the Levantine coast was studied by
W. Steinitz (1927-1933); Monod (1930), Liebman (1935), Haas (1937), and Pallary
(1938). After World War 11, aseries of papers was published by different authors
in the "Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station in Haifa".
The algae of the Canal have scarcely been studied until the recent papers of
Lipkin (1972a, b). There are only two small notes: Lyle (1930) based on the
Cambridge Expedition material and Lami (1932) on the Gruvel collections. The
study of the algal migrants to the Mediterranean was started by Rayss (19411963).
The hydrography ofthe Canal did not serve as a subject of special study from
the end ofthe last century until Wüst's paper in 1934. Since then, Krauss (1958)
and especially Morcos (1960-1967) give more continuous and comprehensive
information about the hydrography and especially the salinity of the Canal. Muromtsev (1960, 1962) gave some hydrographical data collected by a throughgoing
Soviet research ship. Miller and Munns have recently (1974) summed up the
The Suez Canal
(Natterer, 1898)]. Morcos (1972) gives a most useful summary of early chemical
investigations in the Canal.
The new century started with the fundamental ichthyological work of Tillier
(1902) which also contained much environment al information. This was followed
by the equally important publication by Tillier and Bavay (1905) on the shelled
molluscs ofthe Suez Canal.
In the years that followed, the appearance of Red Sea immigrants in the
Mediterranean was recorded for thefirst time: Jordan and Hubbs (1917) reported
the finding ofthe Red Sea fish Pranesus pinguis at Port Said and Fox (1924) that of
the swimming crab Portunus pelagicus as far as Haifa.
In 1924 an expedition to the Suez Canal was organized by the Royal Society,
known afterwards as "The Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924". The
group led by H. M. Fox and comprising R. Gurney, V. C. Robinson, and D. N.
Twist, spent the months of October, November, and December 1924 along the
Canal.
This was to be the only organized zoological expedition to the Suez Canal; the
results which appeared in the Transactions of the Zoological Society between
1926-1929 were to be the only exhaustive body of knowledge on the biota of the
Canal. Altogether 37 papers on the diverse animal groups resulted, accompanied
by Fox's comments and conclusions. The only other long-term enterprise on the
Canal was that of Gruvel and Moazzo (1932-1934) which, besides a general
biological and fisheries description of the Canal by Gruvel (1936), produced only
the ichthyological papers by Chabanaud (1932-1934), the malacological paper by
Moazzo (1939) and the data of Monod (1933, 1937, 1938) on the Crustacea. Since
then only short visits to the Suez Canal were carried out by Tortonese in 1944---45
and Beets in 1950.
Two expeditions collected and studied considerable material from the vicinity
of the Suez Canal. One of them, the "Mission Robert Ph. Dolfuss en Egypte"
between December 1927 and March 1929, collected in the Egyptian Red Sea and
had its results published in a number of papers in 1933, 1938, and 1959. The
activity of Steuer resulted in aseries of taxonomic papers entitled "The Fishery
Grounds near Alexandria" between 1935 and 1939.
The appearance ofRedSea migrants along the Levantine coast was studied by
W. Steinitz (1927-1933); Monod (1930), Liebman (1935), Haas (1937), and Pallary
(1938). After World War 11, aseries of papers was published by different authors
in the "Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station in Haifa".
The algae of the Canal have scarcely been studied until the recent papers of
Lipkin (1972a, b). There are only two small notes: Lyle (1930) based on the
Cambridge Expedition material and Lami (1932) on the Gruvel collections. The
study of the algal migrants to the Mediterranean was started by Rayss (19411963).
The hydrography ofthe Canal did not serve as a subject of special study from
the end ofthe last century until Wüst's paper in 1934. Since then, Krauss (1958)
and especially Morcos (1960-1967) give more continuous and comprehensive
information about the hydrography and especially the salinity of the Canal. Muromtsev (1960, 1962) gave some hydrographical data collected by a throughgoing
Soviet research ship. Miller and Munns have recently (1974) summed up the