18. Fontecilla-Camps J. C.: Three-dimensional model of the
insect-directed scorpion toxin from Androctonus australis
Hector and its implication for the evolution of scorpion
toxins in general. J. mol. Evol. 29: 63-67 (1989)
19. Grayw. R., Olivera B. M. and Cruz L. J.: Peptide toxins from venomous Conus snails. Annual Rev. Biochern. 57: 665-700 (1988)
20. Habermehl G. G.: Toxic animals and their weapons (in
German). 4th Ed. Springer, Berlin 1987
21. Hillyard D. R. et al.: A molluscivorous Conus toxin:
Conserved frameworks in conotoxins. Biochemistry
28: 358-361 (1989)
22. Hirabayashi J., Kusonoki T. and Kasai K.: Complete
primary structure of a galactose-specific lectin from the
venom of the rattlesnake Crotalus atrox: Homologies
with Ca-dependent-type lectins. J. BioI. Chern. 266:
2320-26 (1991)
23. Ho C. L. and Ko J. L.: Hornetin: the lethal protein of
the hornet (Vespa flavitarsus) venom. FEBS Letters
209: 18-22 (1986)
24. Ho C. L. and Hwang L. L.: Structure and biological
activities of a new mastoparan isolated from the venom
of the hornet Vespa basalis. Biochem. J. 274: 453-456
(1991)
25. Huang T. F. et al.: Purification and characterization of
an antiplatelet peptide, arietin, from Bitis arietans
venom. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1074: 136-143 (1991)
26. Inoue S. et al.: Amino acid sequence of a cytotoxinlike basic protein with low cytotoxic activity from the
venom of the Thailand cobra Naja naja siamensis.
FEBS Letters 218: 17-21 (1987)
27. Inoue S. et al.: Amino acid sequences of nerve growth
factors derived from cobra venoms. FEBS Letters 279:
38-40 (1991)
28. Itoh N. et al.: Organization ofthe gene for batroxobin,
a thrombin-like snake venom enzyme. Homology with
the trypsinlkallikrein gene family. J. BioI. Chern. 263:
7628-31 (1988)
29. Junor L. R. et al.: The purification and amino acid
sequence of the lethal neurotoxin Tx1 from the venom
of the Brasilian armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
FEBS Letters 263: 251-253 (1990)
30. Kaiser I. I. et al.: The amino acid sequence of a myotoxic phospholipase from the venom of Bothrops
asper. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 278: 319-325 (1990)
31. Kern W. R.: Structure and action of nemertine toxins.
Amer. Zool. 25: 99-111 (1985)
32. Kemeny D. M. et al.: The purification and characterization of hyaluronidase from the venom of the honey
bee, Apis mellifera. Eur. J. Biochem. 139: 217-223
(1984)
33. King T. P., Kochoumian L. and Joslyn A: Wasp venom
proteins: Phospholipase Al and B. Arch. Biochem.
Biophys. 230: 1-12 (1984)
34. Kopeyan C. et al.: Primary structure of scorpion antiinsect toxins isolated from the venom of Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus. FEBS Letters 261:
423-426 (1990)
35. Kosen P. A et al.: Structural studies of abungarotoxin. 3. Corrections in the primary sequence
and X-ray structure and characterization of an isotoxic
a-bungarotoxin. Biochemistry 27: 2775-81 (1988)
36. Lee C. Y. (ed.): Snake venoms. Hb. expo Pharmacol.
Vol 52. Springer, Berlin 1979
37. Lind P. and Eaker D.: Amino-acid sequence of the
a-subunit of taipoxin, an extremely potent presynaptic
neurotoxin from the Australian snake taipan (OxyuraReferences
329
nus s. scutellatus). Eur. J. Biochem. 124: 441-447
(1982)
38. Liu C. S. et al.: The amino acid sequence and properties of an edema-inducing Lys-49 phospholipase-A2
homolog from the venom ofTrimesurus mucrosquamatus. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1077: 362-370 (1991)
39. Lomonte B. et al.: Isolation of a galactose-binding lectin from the venom of the snake Bothrops godmani
(Godman pi viper). Toxicon 28: 75-81 (1990)
40. Loret E. P. et al.: An anti-insect toxin purified from the
scorpion Androctonus australis Hector also acts on the
a-sites and ~-sites of the mammalian sodium channel:
Sequence and circular dichroism. Biochemistry 30:
633-640 (1991)
41. Manchewa I. et al.: Sequence homology between
phospholipase and its inhibitor in snake venom. The
primary structure of phospholipase A2 of vipoxin from
the venom of the Bulgarian viper (Vipera ammodytes
ammodytes, Serpentes). BioI. Chern. Hoppe-Seyler
368: 343-352 (1987)
42. Maraganore J. M. and Heinrikson R. L.: The lysine-49
phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus. Relation of structure and function
to other phospholipases A2. J. bioI. Chern. 261:
4797-4804 (1986)
43. Massefski W. jr. et al.: Molecular structure of charybdotoxin, a pore-directed inhibitor of potassium ion
channels. Science 249: 521-524 (1990)
44. McMullen B. A, Fujikawa K. and Kisiel w.: Primary
structure of a protein C activator from Agkistrodon
contortrix venom. Biochemistry 28: 674-679 (1989)
45. Metrione R. M., Schweitz H. and Walsh K. A.: The
amino acid sequence of toxin Rp111 from the sea anemone, Radianthus paumotensis. FEBS Letters 218:
59-62 (1987)
46. Mochcamorales J., Martin B. M. and Possani L. D.:
Isolation and characterization of helothermin, a novel
toxin from Heloderma horridum horridum (Mexican
beaded lizard) venom. Toxicon 28: 299-309 (1990)
47. Montecucchi P. C., Gozzini L. and Erspamer Y.: Primary structure determination of a tryptophancontaining tridecapeptide from Phyllomedusa rohdei.
Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 27: 175-182 (1986)
48. Mori N. and Tu A T.: Isolation and primary structure
of the major toxin from sea snake, Acalyptophis peronii, venom. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 260: 10-17
(1988)
49. Nishida S. et al.: Amino acid sequence of a sea anemone toxin from Parasicyonis actinostoloides. Eur. J.
Biochem. 150: 171-173 (1985)
50. Ohtani Y. et al.: Some properties of a kininogenase
from the venom of Agkistrodon caliginosus (KankokuMamushi). Toxicon 26: 903-912 (1988)
51. Olivera B. M. et al.: Diversity of Conus neuropeptides. Science 249: 257-263 (1990)
52. Pearson J. A et al.: Studies on the subunit structure of
textilotoxin, a potent presyaptic neurotoxin from the
venom of the Australian common brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis). 2. The amino acid sequence and toxicity studies of subunit-D. Biochim. biophys. Acta
1077: 147-150 (1991)
53. Pungercar J. et al.: Amino acid sequence of ammodytoxin C as deduced from cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res.
17: 4367 (1989)
54. Savel-Niemann A.: Tarantula (Eurypelma californicum) venom, a multicomponent system. BioI. Chern.
Hoppe-Seyler 370: 485-498 (1989)
insect-directed scorpion toxin from Androctonus australis
Hector and its implication for the evolution of scorpion
toxins in general. J. mol. Evol. 29: 63-67 (1989)
19. Grayw. R., Olivera B. M. and Cruz L. J.: Peptide toxins from venomous Conus snails. Annual Rev. Biochern. 57: 665-700 (1988)
20. Habermehl G. G.: Toxic animals and their weapons (in
German). 4th Ed. Springer, Berlin 1987
21. Hillyard D. R. et al.: A molluscivorous Conus toxin:
Conserved frameworks in conotoxins. Biochemistry
28: 358-361 (1989)
22. Hirabayashi J., Kusonoki T. and Kasai K.: Complete
primary structure of a galactose-specific lectin from the
venom of the rattlesnake Crotalus atrox: Homologies
with Ca-dependent-type lectins. J. BioI. Chern. 266:
2320-26 (1991)
23. Ho C. L. and Ko J. L.: Hornetin: the lethal protein of
the hornet (Vespa flavitarsus) venom. FEBS Letters
209: 18-22 (1986)
24. Ho C. L. and Hwang L. L.: Structure and biological
activities of a new mastoparan isolated from the venom
of the hornet Vespa basalis. Biochem. J. 274: 453-456
(1991)
25. Huang T. F. et al.: Purification and characterization of
an antiplatelet peptide, arietin, from Bitis arietans
venom. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1074: 136-143 (1991)
26. Inoue S. et al.: Amino acid sequence of a cytotoxinlike basic protein with low cytotoxic activity from the
venom of the Thailand cobra Naja naja siamensis.
FEBS Letters 218: 17-21 (1987)
27. Inoue S. et al.: Amino acid sequences of nerve growth
factors derived from cobra venoms. FEBS Letters 279:
38-40 (1991)
28. Itoh N. et al.: Organization ofthe gene for batroxobin,
a thrombin-like snake venom enzyme. Homology with
the trypsinlkallikrein gene family. J. BioI. Chern. 263:
7628-31 (1988)
29. Junor L. R. et al.: The purification and amino acid
sequence of the lethal neurotoxin Tx1 from the venom
of the Brasilian armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
FEBS Letters 263: 251-253 (1990)
30. Kaiser I. I. et al.: The amino acid sequence of a myotoxic phospholipase from the venom of Bothrops
asper. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 278: 319-325 (1990)
31. Kern W. R.: Structure and action of nemertine toxins.
Amer. Zool. 25: 99-111 (1985)
32. Kemeny D. M. et al.: The purification and characterization of hyaluronidase from the venom of the honey
bee, Apis mellifera. Eur. J. Biochem. 139: 217-223
(1984)
33. King T. P., Kochoumian L. and Joslyn A: Wasp venom
proteins: Phospholipase Al and B. Arch. Biochem.
Biophys. 230: 1-12 (1984)
34. Kopeyan C. et al.: Primary structure of scorpion antiinsect toxins isolated from the venom of Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus. FEBS Letters 261:
423-426 (1990)
35. Kosen P. A et al.: Structural studies of abungarotoxin. 3. Corrections in the primary sequence
and X-ray structure and characterization of an isotoxic
a-bungarotoxin. Biochemistry 27: 2775-81 (1988)
36. Lee C. Y. (ed.): Snake venoms. Hb. expo Pharmacol.
Vol 52. Springer, Berlin 1979
37. Lind P. and Eaker D.: Amino-acid sequence of the
a-subunit of taipoxin, an extremely potent presynaptic
neurotoxin from the Australian snake taipan (OxyuraReferences
329
nus s. scutellatus). Eur. J. Biochem. 124: 441-447
(1982)
38. Liu C. S. et al.: The amino acid sequence and properties of an edema-inducing Lys-49 phospholipase-A2
homolog from the venom ofTrimesurus mucrosquamatus. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1077: 362-370 (1991)
39. Lomonte B. et al.: Isolation of a galactose-binding lectin from the venom of the snake Bothrops godmani
(Godman pi viper). Toxicon 28: 75-81 (1990)
40. Loret E. P. et al.: An anti-insect toxin purified from the
scorpion Androctonus australis Hector also acts on the
a-sites and ~-sites of the mammalian sodium channel:
Sequence and circular dichroism. Biochemistry 30:
633-640 (1991)
41. Manchewa I. et al.: Sequence homology between
phospholipase and its inhibitor in snake venom. The
primary structure of phospholipase A2 of vipoxin from
the venom of the Bulgarian viper (Vipera ammodytes
ammodytes, Serpentes). BioI. Chern. Hoppe-Seyler
368: 343-352 (1987)
42. Maraganore J. M. and Heinrikson R. L.: The lysine-49
phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus. Relation of structure and function
to other phospholipases A2. J. bioI. Chern. 261:
4797-4804 (1986)
43. Massefski W. jr. et al.: Molecular structure of charybdotoxin, a pore-directed inhibitor of potassium ion
channels. Science 249: 521-524 (1990)
44. McMullen B. A, Fujikawa K. and Kisiel w.: Primary
structure of a protein C activator from Agkistrodon
contortrix venom. Biochemistry 28: 674-679 (1989)
45. Metrione R. M., Schweitz H. and Walsh K. A.: The
amino acid sequence of toxin Rp111 from the sea anemone, Radianthus paumotensis. FEBS Letters 218:
59-62 (1987)
46. Mochcamorales J., Martin B. M. and Possani L. D.:
Isolation and characterization of helothermin, a novel
toxin from Heloderma horridum horridum (Mexican
beaded lizard) venom. Toxicon 28: 299-309 (1990)
47. Montecucchi P. C., Gozzini L. and Erspamer Y.: Primary structure determination of a tryptophancontaining tridecapeptide from Phyllomedusa rohdei.
Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 27: 175-182 (1986)
48. Mori N. and Tu A T.: Isolation and primary structure
of the major toxin from sea snake, Acalyptophis peronii, venom. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 260: 10-17
(1988)
49. Nishida S. et al.: Amino acid sequence of a sea anemone toxin from Parasicyonis actinostoloides. Eur. J.
Biochem. 150: 171-173 (1985)
50. Ohtani Y. et al.: Some properties of a kininogenase
from the venom of Agkistrodon caliginosus (KankokuMamushi). Toxicon 26: 903-912 (1988)
51. Olivera B. M. et al.: Diversity of Conus neuropeptides. Science 249: 257-263 (1990)
52. Pearson J. A et al.: Studies on the subunit structure of
textilotoxin, a potent presyaptic neurotoxin from the
venom of the Australian common brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis). 2. The amino acid sequence and toxicity studies of subunit-D. Biochim. biophys. Acta
1077: 147-150 (1991)
53. Pungercar J. et al.: Amino acid sequence of ammodytoxin C as deduced from cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res.
17: 4367 (1989)
54. Savel-Niemann A.: Tarantula (Eurypelma californicum) venom, a multicomponent system. BioI. Chern.
Hoppe-Seyler 370: 485-498 (1989)