70
J. Collina-Girard
5.4.6 Anthropisation of the Underwater Landscapes
Modern shipwrecks inherited from the 20th century world conflicts now form attractive artificial reefs for fish (Fig. 5.15). Recently, several artificial structures were
sunk off the shores of the Prado beaches in order to create new settlement cores on
sandy beds. The domestication of wild underwater zones has thus begun on Riou
Island, off the Massif des Calanques, some 6,000 years after the arrival of the first
Neolithic farmers. This landscape domestication began in 1989 with the setting up
of an aquaculture farm on the east coast of Pomègue Island, and continued with the
creation of a reserve of a small coastal portion in the Marine Park of the Blue Coast,
near Carry-le-Rouet, about twenty years ago. Currently, the National Park project
aims to protect terrestrial and underwater landscapes from Marseilles to the Ciotat.
5.5 Conclusions
Just as pschoanalysis could be considered as a geology of mental landscapes, the
“geoanalysis” of underwater landscapes reveals an object resulting from stratified and
embedded reasons. In Marseilles, it is the lithology, inherited from marine landscapes
from the beginning of the Cretaceous era and the structural breakdown, inherited
from stress due to the formation of the Pyrenean-Provencal and Alpine ranges which
make up most of the landscape, later modelled by the eustatism affecting landscapes
at the end of the Quaternary period. The reciprocal relations between the geological
substratum and the prevailing winds determine and then channel the logic behind
biological cover implantations and human activity.
References
Castelbon C (1972) Étude de la circulation des masses d’eau dans le golfe de Marseilles. Tethys
4(2):269–312
Cavalera TH, Gilli E, Mamindy-Pajany Y, Marmier N (2010) Mechanism of Salt Contamination of
Karstic Springs Related to the Messinian Deep Stage. The Speleological Model of Port Miou
(France). Geodynamica Acta 23/1–3(2010):15–28
Clottes J, et Courtin J (1994) La Grotte Cosquer, peintures et gravures de la caverne engloutie.
Éditions du Seuil, Paris, p 198
Collina-Girard J (1992) Présentation d’une carte bathymétrique au 1/25 000
◦ du Précontinent Marseillais. (Au large de la zone limitée par la grotte Cosquer et l’habitat préhistorique de Carry le
Rouet), Géologie Méditerranéenne. Tome XIX, n
◦ 2, Gap, Marseille, pp 77–97
Collina-Girard J. (1995) Analyse multiscalaire et multisource des directions structurales du Massif
des Calanques et de leur expression morphologique: application au Cap Morgiou et à la grotte
Cosquer (Marseille, France). Géomorphologie: Relief, Processus, Environnement 2:67–84
Collina-Girard J (2002) Underwater mapping of Late Quaternary submerged shorelines in the
Western Mediterranean Sea and the Caribbean Sea. Quatern Int 92:63–72
Collina-Girard J (2004) Prehistory and coastal karstic area: cosquer cave and the “Calanques” of
Marseilles. Speleogenesis J. Speleogenesis Evol Karst Aquifers 2(2). http://www.speleogenesis.
info/archive/publication.php?Type=publication&PubID=3265. Accessed 1 Feb 2014
J. Collina-Girard
5.4.6 Anthropisation of the Underwater Landscapes
Modern shipwrecks inherited from the 20th century world conflicts now form attractive artificial reefs for fish (Fig. 5.15). Recently, several artificial structures were
sunk off the shores of the Prado beaches in order to create new settlement cores on
sandy beds. The domestication of wild underwater zones has thus begun on Riou
Island, off the Massif des Calanques, some 6,000 years after the arrival of the first
Neolithic farmers. This landscape domestication began in 1989 with the setting up
of an aquaculture farm on the east coast of Pomègue Island, and continued with the
creation of a reserve of a small coastal portion in the Marine Park of the Blue Coast,
near Carry-le-Rouet, about twenty years ago. Currently, the National Park project
aims to protect terrestrial and underwater landscapes from Marseilles to the Ciotat.
5.5 Conclusions
Just as pschoanalysis could be considered as a geology of mental landscapes, the
“geoanalysis” of underwater landscapes reveals an object resulting from stratified and
embedded reasons. In Marseilles, it is the lithology, inherited from marine landscapes
from the beginning of the Cretaceous era and the structural breakdown, inherited
from stress due to the formation of the Pyrenean-Provencal and Alpine ranges which
make up most of the landscape, later modelled by the eustatism affecting landscapes
at the end of the Quaternary period. The reciprocal relations between the geological
substratum and the prevailing winds determine and then channel the logic behind
biological cover implantations and human activity.
References
Castelbon C (1972) Étude de la circulation des masses d’eau dans le golfe de Marseilles. Tethys
4(2):269–312
Cavalera TH, Gilli E, Mamindy-Pajany Y, Marmier N (2010) Mechanism of Salt Contamination of
Karstic Springs Related to the Messinian Deep Stage. The Speleological Model of Port Miou
(France). Geodynamica Acta 23/1–3(2010):15–28
Clottes J, et Courtin J (1994) La Grotte Cosquer, peintures et gravures de la caverne engloutie.
Éditions du Seuil, Paris, p 198
Collina-Girard J (1992) Présentation d’une carte bathymétrique au 1/25 000
◦ du Précontinent Marseillais. (Au large de la zone limitée par la grotte Cosquer et l’habitat préhistorique de Carry le
Rouet), Géologie Méditerranéenne. Tome XIX, n
◦ 2, Gap, Marseille, pp 77–97
Collina-Girard J. (1995) Analyse multiscalaire et multisource des directions structurales du Massif
des Calanques et de leur expression morphologique: application au Cap Morgiou et à la grotte
Cosquer (Marseille, France). Géomorphologie: Relief, Processus, Environnement 2:67–84
Collina-Girard J (2002) Underwater mapping of Late Quaternary submerged shorelines in the
Western Mediterranean Sea and the Caribbean Sea. Quatern Int 92:63–72
Collina-Girard J (2004) Prehistory and coastal karstic area: cosquer cave and the “Calanques” of
Marseilles. Speleogenesis J. Speleogenesis Evol Karst Aquifers 2(2). http://www.speleogenesis.
info/archive/publication.php?Type=publication&PubID=3265. Accessed 1 Feb 2014