64
J. Collina-Girard
Fig. 5.11 Fracturing in the Massif des Calanques, the Grande Candelle fault and Sugiton Calanque,
in a large crushed zone south of the scientific Luminy Campus in Marseilles. (© J. Collina-Girard,
All rights reserved)
5.3 Eustatism and Underwater Landscape
The famous calanques landscapes appear as a karst structured by tectonics and submerged (Fig. 5.13) at the end of the last glaciation since 19,000 B.P until the end
of Antiquity (Lambeck and Bard 2000, Laborel et al. 1983). Under the sea, the
verticality of the wall is interrupted by erosion ledges. This step-like morphology
is another component of these underwater landscapes. The statistical study of this
tiering was carried out in Provence, Corsica and on Elbe Island and brought to light a
typical sequence with ledges centred around the following depths: − 11 m, − 17 m,
− 25 m, − 35/− 36 m, − 41 m, − 46 m, − 50/55 m. This tiering was interpreted as a
series of palaeoshores carved during the Finiglacial transgression and the Holocene
(Collina-Girard 2002), represented in Marseilles by a barrier beach cored at − 100 m
south of Planier Island. Mussel shells from this barrier beach were radiocarbon dated
to 13,800 years B.P (Collina-Girard and de Giovanni 1996). A sequence of coastal
stepped notches was observed near Bandol (Alon Port) by the biologist Jacques
Laborel at depths of − 7, − 25 and − 35 m.
At Cap Morgiou, the half immersed Cosquer Cave, which is only accessible
by diving, owes its fame to prehistoric charcoal drawings and engravings (Clottes and
J. Collina-Girard
Fig. 5.11 Fracturing in the Massif des Calanques, the Grande Candelle fault and Sugiton Calanque,
in a large crushed zone south of the scientific Luminy Campus in Marseilles. (© J. Collina-Girard,
All rights reserved)
5.3 Eustatism and Underwater Landscape
The famous calanques landscapes appear as a karst structured by tectonics and submerged (Fig. 5.13) at the end of the last glaciation since 19,000 B.P until the end
of Antiquity (Lambeck and Bard 2000, Laborel et al. 1983). Under the sea, the
verticality of the wall is interrupted by erosion ledges. This step-like morphology
is another component of these underwater landscapes. The statistical study of this
tiering was carried out in Provence, Corsica and on Elbe Island and brought to light a
typical sequence with ledges centred around the following depths: − 11 m, − 17 m,
− 25 m, − 35/− 36 m, − 41 m, − 46 m, − 50/55 m. This tiering was interpreted as a
series of palaeoshores carved during the Finiglacial transgression and the Holocene
(Collina-Girard 2002), represented in Marseilles by a barrier beach cored at − 100 m
south of Planier Island. Mussel shells from this barrier beach were radiocarbon dated
to 13,800 years B.P (Collina-Girard and de Giovanni 1996). A sequence of coastal
stepped notches was observed near Bandol (Alon Port) by the biologist Jacques
Laborel at depths of − 7, − 25 and − 35 m.
At Cap Morgiou, the half immersed Cosquer Cave, which is only accessible
by diving, owes its fame to prehistoric charcoal drawings and engravings (Clottes and