11 Management of Infralittoral Habitats: Towards a Seascape Scale Approach
169
complete the inventory of the previously identified white seabream nurseries (Cheminée et al. 2011). The coastline of each of the nurseries has been measured on the
ortho-photographs at a scale of 1:7000. In addition to the ground-truth survey carried
out during the previous study (spring-summer 2004, southern roadstead of Marseille,
Calanques from Marseille to Cassis), some parts of the nurseries newly identified in
ortho-photographs in the Bay of La Ciotat and around Frioul were inspected in situ
in July 2008 and 2011.
In a second stage, the coastline was divided up according to the zoning based
on the existing categories for the management of the natural environment of the
‘PACA’ regional district, in particular for this sector, as displayed on the internet site
of the DREAL(DREAL_PACA 2012; GIP_Calanques 2012): statutory protection,
contractual protection and inventories of the patrimony. With regard to the zoning
for the Calanques National Park (Fig. 11.4), there is a distinction between (1) the
marine core area which contains two sectors, the Massif des Calanques (including the
Riou archipelago) and the sector of Cap Canaille and Bec de l’Aigle (including Ile
Verte), and (2) the Aire Maritime Adjacente (AMA) (adjacent maritime area) which
includes the southern bay of Marseille, the DPM (‘Domaine Public Maritime’ i.e.
state owned maritime area) around the archipelago of Frioul and the bays of Cassis,
La Ciotat and Les Lecques. It’s worth noting the contrasted types of protection
measures (statutory and contractual) applied in these zones of the Park. The core
area includes ‘special core area’ regulations applicable to its whole surface area,
including, for example, for the marine resources a ban on trawling and bull trawl
fishing. The ‘core’ status also entails a ban on development work, construction and
installations without special authorisation. In places, no-catch or enhanced protection
zones (ZNP and ZPR) offer a greater level or protection than the average for the core
area. All the other statutory aspects (e.g. the size of catches) come under the authority
of the administrative authorities which usually have jurisdiction over the sea (Préfet,
etc.). On the other hand, the Park authority can make proposals for (new) regulations
to the competent authority. With regard to the adjacent maritime area (AMA), the
protection provided by the Park is solely contractual: in general, for the core area and
for the AMA, the Park regulation makes provision for the possibility of introducing
measures of protection on the basis of partnership (e.g. on the model of the Parcs
Naturels Régionaux or Natura 2000 contracts).
The coastline presenting nursery habitats and the proportion of the total coastline
that they represent have been calculated for each category of statutory or contractual
protection measures of the Park (Table 11.1).
11.3.3 Amount of Nurseries According to the Levels of Regulation
of the Park
The table in Annexe 1 presents the list of all the nurseries of Diplodus spp. identified
within the perimeter of the Calanques National Park and quantifies the corresponding coastline (in metres). Figure 11.5 shows an extract of the cartographical
169
complete the inventory of the previously identified white seabream nurseries (Cheminée et al. 2011). The coastline of each of the nurseries has been measured on the
ortho-photographs at a scale of 1:7000. In addition to the ground-truth survey carried
out during the previous study (spring-summer 2004, southern roadstead of Marseille,
Calanques from Marseille to Cassis), some parts of the nurseries newly identified in
ortho-photographs in the Bay of La Ciotat and around Frioul were inspected in situ
in July 2008 and 2011.
In a second stage, the coastline was divided up according to the zoning based
on the existing categories for the management of the natural environment of the
‘PACA’ regional district, in particular for this sector, as displayed on the internet site
of the DREAL(DREAL_PACA 2012; GIP_Calanques 2012): statutory protection,
contractual protection and inventories of the patrimony. With regard to the zoning
for the Calanques National Park (Fig. 11.4), there is a distinction between (1) the
marine core area which contains two sectors, the Massif des Calanques (including the
Riou archipelago) and the sector of Cap Canaille and Bec de l’Aigle (including Ile
Verte), and (2) the Aire Maritime Adjacente (AMA) (adjacent maritime area) which
includes the southern bay of Marseille, the DPM (‘Domaine Public Maritime’ i.e.
state owned maritime area) around the archipelago of Frioul and the bays of Cassis,
La Ciotat and Les Lecques. It’s worth noting the contrasted types of protection
measures (statutory and contractual) applied in these zones of the Park. The core
area includes ‘special core area’ regulations applicable to its whole surface area,
including, for example, for the marine resources a ban on trawling and bull trawl
fishing. The ‘core’ status also entails a ban on development work, construction and
installations without special authorisation. In places, no-catch or enhanced protection
zones (ZNP and ZPR) offer a greater level or protection than the average for the core
area. All the other statutory aspects (e.g. the size of catches) come under the authority
of the administrative authorities which usually have jurisdiction over the sea (Préfet,
etc.). On the other hand, the Park authority can make proposals for (new) regulations
to the competent authority. With regard to the adjacent maritime area (AMA), the
protection provided by the Park is solely contractual: in general, for the core area and
for the AMA, the Park regulation makes provision for the possibility of introducing
measures of protection on the basis of partnership (e.g. on the model of the Parcs
Naturels Régionaux or Natura 2000 contracts).
The coastline presenting nursery habitats and the proportion of the total coastline
that they represent have been calculated for each category of statutory or contractual
protection measures of the Park (Table 11.1).
11.3.3 Amount of Nurseries According to the Levels of Regulation
of the Park
The table in Annexe 1 presents the list of all the nurseries of Diplodus spp. identified
within the perimeter of the Calanques National Park and quantifies the corresponding coastline (in metres). Figure 11.5 shows an extract of the cartographical