660
Index
reduced perianth, 70
reproductive strategies, 70
Ruppiaceae, 74
stigma structure, 74
flowering, 77, 98, 101, 277, 368, 393, 552, 583
flowering frequency of Thalassia, 420
flowering shoots, 365
flowering success, 369
flowers of Thalassia, 419
flows of materials, 641
fluid dynamics, 193, 194
drag
viscous drag, 195
flow effects
Bending cycles, 209
processes at the canopy level
sediment deposition, 210
self-shading, 210
ascending flows, 203
benthic boundary layer, 196
bottom effect
vertical flow profile, 206
canopy friction, 197
complex landscape, 214
continuity principle, 194
current velocity
influence on nutrient uptake, 198
diffusive boundary layer, 198
diffusive pathways, 199
effect of high wave energy, 213
Ekman layer, 196
epiphytes, 452
supply of propagules, 452
Ficks first Law, 199
fluid motion, 194
fundamentals, 194
hydrodynamic links
coral reefs, 218
Hydrodynamic links
mangroves, 218
inertial sublayer, 196
influence on nutrient uptake, 199
law of the wall, 196
mass balances approach, 194
mass transfer, 196
meso-scale processes, 216
adjacent ecosystems, 216
wave attenuation, 216
microscale processes, 198
nutrient dynamics, 452
pollination
filamentous pollen, 204
hydrophily, 204
porewater flows, 203
pressure gradients, 194
pressure gradients, 203
processes at canopy level
attenuation of currents, 205
benthic boundary layer (BBL), 205
loss of momentum, 205
processes at landscape scale, 212, 214
processes at landscape scale patchiness, 213
processes at shoot level
ascending flows, 201
biomechanics, 200
ecological implications, 201
epiphytes, 200
flexible shape, 201
hydrodynamic forces, 200
water flow, 201
waves, 201
pollination, 203
role in reproduction, 203
Faunal recruitment, 208
flume study, 207
monamis, 207
nutrient uptake, 208
recruitment, 208
tides, 209
Wave attenuation, 207
roughness height, 196
sand waves, 214
seagrass canopies
velocity gradients, 205
seagrass leaves
advection, 202
waving, 202
seagrass vs other communities, 216
seed dispersal, 204
shear stress, 196
stanton number, 197
viscous sublayer, 196
fluid dynamics fundamentals, 194
fluid motion, 194
flume study, 207
fluorescence, 295, 299, 330, 331
fluorescence rise kinetics
OJIP curves, 336
flux, 200, 208
foliage leaf, 60
foliar shoot, 417
Food Web Dynamics, 176
Food Web Studies, 174
Food Webs, 463, 540
grazer scascades, 468
isotope Studies, 399
footing tissue, 79
forage over kilometers, 543
form, 195
Formation and destruction, 171
forward and backward scattering, 299
fossil, 17, 18
auricula-leporis, 9
Avon Park, 9
Middle Eocene, 9
Thalassodendron, 9
fossil history, 467
fossil material of Zosteraceae, 18
Fossils
Cretaceos, 8
Cymodocea, 8
Eocene/Miocene, 8
Index
reduced perianth, 70
reproductive strategies, 70
Ruppiaceae, 74
stigma structure, 74
flowering, 77, 98, 101, 277, 368, 393, 552, 583
flowering frequency of Thalassia, 420
flowering shoots, 365
flowering success, 369
flowers of Thalassia, 419
flows of materials, 641
fluid dynamics, 193, 194
drag
viscous drag, 195
flow effects
Bending cycles, 209
processes at the canopy level
sediment deposition, 210
self-shading, 210
ascending flows, 203
benthic boundary layer, 196
bottom effect
vertical flow profile, 206
canopy friction, 197
complex landscape, 214
continuity principle, 194
current velocity
influence on nutrient uptake, 198
diffusive boundary layer, 198
diffusive pathways, 199
effect of high wave energy, 213
Ekman layer, 196
epiphytes, 452
supply of propagules, 452
Ficks first Law, 199
fluid motion, 194
fundamentals, 194
hydrodynamic links
coral reefs, 218
Hydrodynamic links
mangroves, 218
inertial sublayer, 196
influence on nutrient uptake, 199
law of the wall, 196
mass balances approach, 194
mass transfer, 196
meso-scale processes, 216
adjacent ecosystems, 216
wave attenuation, 216
microscale processes, 198
nutrient dynamics, 452
pollination
filamentous pollen, 204
hydrophily, 204
porewater flows, 203
pressure gradients, 194
pressure gradients, 203
processes at canopy level
attenuation of currents, 205
benthic boundary layer (BBL), 205
loss of momentum, 205
processes at landscape scale, 212, 214
processes at landscape scale patchiness, 213
processes at shoot level
ascending flows, 201
biomechanics, 200
ecological implications, 201
epiphytes, 200
flexible shape, 201
hydrodynamic forces, 200
water flow, 201
waves, 201
pollination, 203
role in reproduction, 203
Faunal recruitment, 208
flume study, 207
monamis, 207
nutrient uptake, 208
recruitment, 208
tides, 209
Wave attenuation, 207
roughness height, 196
sand waves, 214
seagrass canopies
velocity gradients, 205
seagrass leaves
advection, 202
waving, 202
seagrass vs other communities, 216
seed dispersal, 204
shear stress, 196
stanton number, 197
viscous sublayer, 196
fluid dynamics fundamentals, 194
fluid motion, 194
flume study, 207
fluorescence, 295, 299, 330, 331
fluorescence rise kinetics
OJIP curves, 336
flux, 200, 208
foliage leaf, 60
foliar shoot, 417
Food Web Dynamics, 176
Food Web Studies, 174
Food Webs, 463, 540
grazer scascades, 468
isotope Studies, 399
footing tissue, 79
forage over kilometers, 543
form, 195
Formation and destruction, 171
forward and backward scattering, 299
fossil, 17, 18
auricula-leporis, 9
Avon Park, 9
Middle Eocene, 9
Thalassodendron, 9
fossil history, 467
fossil material of Zosteraceae, 18
Fossils
Cretaceos, 8
Cymodocea, 8
Eocene/Miocene, 8