Chapter 2 Seagrass Genetics and Evolution
49
Thalassia testudinum in Florida Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 71:
297–299
Rohrbach P (1871) Beitr¨ age zur Kenntniss einiger Hydrocharideen nebst Bemerkungen ¨
uber die Bildung phanerogamer
Knospen durch Theilung des Vegetationskegels. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Ges zu Halle 12: 53–114
Ruckelshaus MH (1995) Estimates of outcrossing rates and of inbreeding depression in a population of the marine angiosperm
Zostera marina. Mar Biol 123: 583–593
Ruckelshaus MH (1996) Estimation of genetic neighborhood
parameters from pollen and seed dispersal in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina L. Evolution 50: 856–864
Ruckelshaus MH (1998) Spatial scale of genetic structure and
an indirect estimate of gene flow in Eelgrass, Zostera marina.
Evolution 52: 330–343
Ruggiero MV and Procaccini G (2004) The rDNA ITS region
in the marine angiosperm Halophila stipulacea (Hydrocharitaceae): Intra-genomic variability and putative pseudogenic
sequences. J Mol Evol 58: 115–121
Ruggiero MV, Reusch TBH and Procaccini G (2004) Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the marine angiosperm Cymodocea
nodosa. Mol Ecol Notes 4: 512–514
Ruggiero MV, Turk R and Procaccini G (2002) Genetic identity
and homozygosity in North-Adriatic populations of Posidonia
oceanica: An ancient, post-glacial clone? Conservation Genet
3: 71–74
Sandmeier M, Caye G and Molenaar H (1999) Seed enzyme polymorphism and autogamy of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica
from the Western Mediterranean. Botanica Marina 42: 359–
366
Sauvageau C (1891) Sur les feuilles de quelques monocotyl´ edones aquatiques. Th` eses pr´ esent´ ees `
a la facult´ e des
sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de Docteur `
es Sciences
Naturelles. S´ erie A, No 158, No d’Ordre 720.G., Masson,
Paris.
Schaal BA, Hayworth DA, Olsen KM, Rauscher JT and Smith
WA (1998) Phylogenetic studies in plants: Problems and
prospects. Mol Ecol 7: 465–474
Schenck H (1886/2003) The biology of aquatic plants. English
translation of Die Biologie der Wassergewaechse by D. H. Les,
with new introduction and nomenclatural appendix. Koeltz
Publishers, Koenigstein
Schlueter MA and Guttman SI (1998) Gene flow and genetic
diversity of turtle grass, Thalassia testudimun, banks ex k¨ onig,
in the lower Florida Keys. Aquat Bot 61: 147–164
Sculthorpe CD (1967) The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants.
Edward Arnold Publishers, London
Setchell WA (1920) Geographical distribution of the marine spermatophytes. Bull Torrey Botanical Club 47: 563–579
Setchell WA (1927) Zostera marina latifolia: Ecad or ecotype?
Bull Torrey Botanical Club 54: 1–6
Takhtajan A (1980) Outline of the classification of flowering
plants (Magnoliophyta). Botanical Rev 46: 225–359
Tanaka N, Kuo J, Omori Y, Nakaoka M and Aioi K (2003) Phylogenetic relationships in the genera Zostera and Heterozostera
(Zosteraceae) based on matK sequence data. J Plant Res 116:
273–279
Thiede J (1978) A glacial Mediterranean. Nature 276: 680–
683
Thorne RF (1992) An updated phylogenetic classification of the
flowering plants. Aliso 13: 365–390
Tomlinson PB (1974) Vegetative morphology and meristem
dependence—the foundation of productivity in seagrasses.
Aquaculture 4: 107–130
Tomlinson PB (1982) Helobiae (Alismatidae). In: Metcalfe
CR (ed) Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. Clarendon Press,
Oxford
Tomlinson PB and Posluszny U (2001) Generic limits in the
seagrass family Zosteraceae, Taxon 50: 429–437
Triest L (1991a) Enzyme polymorphism and its relationships to
biological features in aquatic plants. In: Triest L (ed) Isozymes
in Water Plants, pp 201–241. National Botanic Garden of
Belgium, Belgium
Triest L (1991b) Isozymes in Water Plants. National Botanic
Garden of Belgium, Belgium
Uchiyama H (1996) An easy method for investigating molecular
systematic relationships in the genus Zostera, Zosteraceae. In:
Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI and Kirkman H (eds) Seagrass
Biology: Proceedings of an International Workshop, Rottnest
Island, Western Australia. Faculty of Science, pp 79–84. The
University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
Van Katwijk, MM and Wijgergangs, LJM (2004) Effects of locally varying exposure, sediment type and low-tide water cover
on Zostera marina recruitment from seed. Aquat Bot 80:1–12
Verduin JJ (1996) In situ submarine pollination in Amphibolis
antarctica (Labill.) Sonder et Ashers. ex Aschers. and its relation to hydrodynamics. In: Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI
and Kirkman H (eds) Seagrass Biology: Proceedings an International Workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, 25–29
January 1996. Faculty of Sciences, pp 123–128. The University of Western Australia, Perth
Waycott M (1995) Assessment of genetic variation and clonality
in the seagrass Posidonia australis using RAPD and allozyme
analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 116: 289–295
Waycott M (1998) Genetic variation, its assessment and implications to the conservation of seagrasses. Mol Ecol 7: 793–800
Waycott M (2000a) Genetic factors in the conservation of seagrasses. Pac Conservation Biol 5: 269–276
Waycott M (2000b) Mating systems and population genetics of marine angiosperms (seagrasses). In: Wilson KL and
Morrison D (eds) Monocots: Systematics and Evolution,
pp 277–285. CSIRO Publishing, Sydney
Waycott M and Les DH (1996) An integrated approach to the evolutionary study of seagrasses. In: Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker
DI and Kirkman H (eds) Seagrass Biology: Proceedings an
International Workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia,
25–29 January 1996 Faculty of Science, pp 71–78. The University of Western Australia, Perth
Waycott M and Sampson JF (1997) The mating system of an hydrophilous angiosperm Posidonia australis (Posidoniaceae).
Am J Bot 84: 621–625
Waycott M, Walker DI and James SH (1996) Genetic uniformity
in a dioecious seagrass, Amphibolis antarctica. Heredity 76:
578–585
Waycott M, James SH and Walker DI (1997) Genetic variation
within and between populations of Posidonia australis, a hydrophilous, clonal seagrass. Heredity 79: 408–412
Waycott M and Barnes PAG (2001) AFLP diversity within and
between populations of the Caribbean seagrass Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). Mar Biol 139: 1021–1028
Waycott M, Freshwater DW, York RA, Calladine A and Kenworthy WJ (2002) Evolutionary trends in the seagrass genus
49
Thalassia testudinum in Florida Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 71:
297–299
Rohrbach P (1871) Beitr¨ age zur Kenntniss einiger Hydrocharideen nebst Bemerkungen ¨
uber die Bildung phanerogamer
Knospen durch Theilung des Vegetationskegels. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Ges zu Halle 12: 53–114
Ruckelshaus MH (1995) Estimates of outcrossing rates and of inbreeding depression in a population of the marine angiosperm
Zostera marina. Mar Biol 123: 583–593
Ruckelshaus MH (1996) Estimation of genetic neighborhood
parameters from pollen and seed dispersal in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina L. Evolution 50: 856–864
Ruckelshaus MH (1998) Spatial scale of genetic structure and
an indirect estimate of gene flow in Eelgrass, Zostera marina.
Evolution 52: 330–343
Ruggiero MV and Procaccini G (2004) The rDNA ITS region
in the marine angiosperm Halophila stipulacea (Hydrocharitaceae): Intra-genomic variability and putative pseudogenic
sequences. J Mol Evol 58: 115–121
Ruggiero MV, Reusch TBH and Procaccini G (2004) Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the marine angiosperm Cymodocea
nodosa. Mol Ecol Notes 4: 512–514
Ruggiero MV, Turk R and Procaccini G (2002) Genetic identity
and homozygosity in North-Adriatic populations of Posidonia
oceanica: An ancient, post-glacial clone? Conservation Genet
3: 71–74
Sandmeier M, Caye G and Molenaar H (1999) Seed enzyme polymorphism and autogamy of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica
from the Western Mediterranean. Botanica Marina 42: 359–
366
Sauvageau C (1891) Sur les feuilles de quelques monocotyl´ edones aquatiques. Th` eses pr´ esent´ ees `
a la facult´ e des
sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de Docteur `
es Sciences
Naturelles. S´ erie A, No 158, No d’Ordre 720.G., Masson,
Paris.
Schaal BA, Hayworth DA, Olsen KM, Rauscher JT and Smith
WA (1998) Phylogenetic studies in plants: Problems and
prospects. Mol Ecol 7: 465–474
Schenck H (1886/2003) The biology of aquatic plants. English
translation of Die Biologie der Wassergewaechse by D. H. Les,
with new introduction and nomenclatural appendix. Koeltz
Publishers, Koenigstein
Schlueter MA and Guttman SI (1998) Gene flow and genetic
diversity of turtle grass, Thalassia testudimun, banks ex k¨ onig,
in the lower Florida Keys. Aquat Bot 61: 147–164
Sculthorpe CD (1967) The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants.
Edward Arnold Publishers, London
Setchell WA (1920) Geographical distribution of the marine spermatophytes. Bull Torrey Botanical Club 47: 563–579
Setchell WA (1927) Zostera marina latifolia: Ecad or ecotype?
Bull Torrey Botanical Club 54: 1–6
Takhtajan A (1980) Outline of the classification of flowering
plants (Magnoliophyta). Botanical Rev 46: 225–359
Tanaka N, Kuo J, Omori Y, Nakaoka M and Aioi K (2003) Phylogenetic relationships in the genera Zostera and Heterozostera
(Zosteraceae) based on matK sequence data. J Plant Res 116:
273–279
Thiede J (1978) A glacial Mediterranean. Nature 276: 680–
683
Thorne RF (1992) An updated phylogenetic classification of the
flowering plants. Aliso 13: 365–390
Tomlinson PB (1974) Vegetative morphology and meristem
dependence—the foundation of productivity in seagrasses.
Aquaculture 4: 107–130
Tomlinson PB (1982) Helobiae (Alismatidae). In: Metcalfe
CR (ed) Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. Clarendon Press,
Oxford
Tomlinson PB and Posluszny U (2001) Generic limits in the
seagrass family Zosteraceae, Taxon 50: 429–437
Triest L (1991a) Enzyme polymorphism and its relationships to
biological features in aquatic plants. In: Triest L (ed) Isozymes
in Water Plants, pp 201–241. National Botanic Garden of
Belgium, Belgium
Triest L (1991b) Isozymes in Water Plants. National Botanic
Garden of Belgium, Belgium
Uchiyama H (1996) An easy method for investigating molecular
systematic relationships in the genus Zostera, Zosteraceae. In:
Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI and Kirkman H (eds) Seagrass
Biology: Proceedings of an International Workshop, Rottnest
Island, Western Australia. Faculty of Science, pp 79–84. The
University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
Van Katwijk, MM and Wijgergangs, LJM (2004) Effects of locally varying exposure, sediment type and low-tide water cover
on Zostera marina recruitment from seed. Aquat Bot 80:1–12
Verduin JJ (1996) In situ submarine pollination in Amphibolis
antarctica (Labill.) Sonder et Ashers. ex Aschers. and its relation to hydrodynamics. In: Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI
and Kirkman H (eds) Seagrass Biology: Proceedings an International Workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, 25–29
January 1996. Faculty of Sciences, pp 123–128. The University of Western Australia, Perth
Waycott M (1995) Assessment of genetic variation and clonality
in the seagrass Posidonia australis using RAPD and allozyme
analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 116: 289–295
Waycott M (1998) Genetic variation, its assessment and implications to the conservation of seagrasses. Mol Ecol 7: 793–800
Waycott M (2000a) Genetic factors in the conservation of seagrasses. Pac Conservation Biol 5: 269–276
Waycott M (2000b) Mating systems and population genetics of marine angiosperms (seagrasses). In: Wilson KL and
Morrison D (eds) Monocots: Systematics and Evolution,
pp 277–285. CSIRO Publishing, Sydney
Waycott M and Les DH (1996) An integrated approach to the evolutionary study of seagrasses. In: Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker
DI and Kirkman H (eds) Seagrass Biology: Proceedings an
International Workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia,
25–29 January 1996 Faculty of Science, pp 71–78. The University of Western Australia, Perth
Waycott M and Sampson JF (1997) The mating system of an hydrophilous angiosperm Posidonia australis (Posidoniaceae).
Am J Bot 84: 621–625
Waycott M, Walker DI and James SH (1996) Genetic uniformity
in a dioecious seagrass, Amphibolis antarctica. Heredity 76:
578–585
Waycott M, James SH and Walker DI (1997) Genetic variation
within and between populations of Posidonia australis, a hydrophilous, clonal seagrass. Heredity 79: 408–412
Waycott M and Barnes PAG (2001) AFLP diversity within and
between populations of the Caribbean seagrass Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). Mar Biol 139: 1021–1028
Waycott M, Freshwater DW, York RA, Calladine A and Kenworthy WJ (2002) Evolutionary trends in the seagrass genus