564
D. I. Walker, G. A. Kendrick, and A. J. McComb
Kendrick GA, Walker DI and Chandler Recruitment by seedlings
of Posidonia coriacea in southwestern Australia. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser (submitted)
Kirkman H (1978) Decline of seagrass in northern areas of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Aquat Bot 5: 63–76
Kirkman H and Kuo J (1990) Pattern and process in Southern
Western Australian Seagrasses Aquatic Botany 37: 367–382
Kuo J and Kirkman H (1996) in: Seagrass Biology. Proceedings
on an international workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, 25–29th January 1996. Kuo, JJS, Phillips, R, Walker,
DI, Kirkman, H (eds). Faculty of Science, University of WA.
10 pp
Larkum AWD (1976) Ecology of Botany Bay. I. Growth of Posidonia australis (Brown) Hook. F. in Botany Bay and other bays
of the Sydney basin. Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater
Research 27: 117–128
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1983) Stability, depletion and
restoration of seagrass beds. proc. Linn. Soc. NSW 106: 201–
12
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1990) Long-term changes of seagrass meadows in Botany Bay, Australia. Aquat Bot 37:
55–70
Marb` a N and Duarte, CM (1995) Coupling of seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) patch dynamics to subaqueous dune migration.
Journal of Ecology 83: 381–389
Marb` a N and Duarte, CM (1998) Rhizome elongation and seagrass clonal growth. Marine Ecology Progress Series 174:
269–280
Marb` a N and Walker DI (1999) Growth, flowering and population
dynamics of temperate Western Australian seagrasses. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 184: 105–118
Marb` a N, Cebri´ an J, Enriquez S and Duarte CM (1994) Migration
of large-scale subaqueous bedforms measured with seagrasses
(Cymodocea nodosa) as tracers. Limnol Oceanogr 39: 126–
133
Marb` a N, Duarte CM, Cebri´ an J, Gallegos ME, Olesen B
and Sand-Jensen K (1996) Growth and population dynamics
of Posidonia oceanica on the Spanish Mediterranean coast:
Elucidating seagrass decline. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 137: 203–
213
Marb` a N, Duarte CM, Holmer M, Martinez R, Basterretxea
G, Orfila A and Tintore J (2002) Effectiveness of protection
of seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) populations in Cabrera National Park (Spain). Environ Conserv 29: 509–518
McRoy CP and McMillan C (1977) Production ecology and
physiology of seagrasses. In: McRoy CP and Helferrich C
(eds) Seagrass Ecosystems: A Scientific Perspective, pp 53–
81. Dekker, New York
Meehan AJ and West RJ (2000) Recovery times for a damaged
Posidonia australis bed in south eastern Australia. Aquat Bot
67: 161–167
Mueller-Dombois D and Ellenberg H (1974) Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology, p 547. John Wiley & Sons, New
York
Olesen B, Sand-Jensen KAJ (1994) Demography of shallow
eelgrass (Zostera marina) populations-shoot dynamics and
biomass development. Journal of Ecology. 82: 379–390
Orth RJ and Moore KA (1983) Chesapeake Bay: An unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222:
57–53
Patriquin DG (1975). ‘Migration’ of blowouts in seagrass beds
at Barbados and Carriacoo, West Indies, and its ecological and
geological implications. Aquat Bot 1: 163–189
Pergent G and Pergent-Martini C (1991) Leaf renewal cycle
and primary production of Posidonia oceanica in the Bay of
Lacco Ameno (Ischia, Italy) using lepidochronological analysis. Aquat Bot 42(1): 49–66
Ramage DL and Schiel DR (1999) Patch dynamics and response
to disturbance of the seagrass Zostera novazelandica on inter -
tidal platforms in southern New Zealand. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
189: 275–288
Robbins BD (1997) Quantifying temporal change in seagrass
areal coverage: The use of GIS and low resolution aerial photography. Aquat Bot 58: 259–267
Robbins BD and Bell SS (2000) Dynamics of a subtidal seagrass
landscape: Seasonal and annual change in relation to water
depth. Ecology 81: 1193–1205
Seddon S, Connolly RM and Edyvane KS (2000) Large-scale
seagrass dieback in northern Spencer Gulf, South Australia.
Aquat Bot 66: 297–310
Shepherd SA, McComb AJ, Bulthuis DA, Neverauskas V,
Steffensen DA and West R (1989) Decline of seagrasses.
In: Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and Shepherd SA (eds) Biology of Seagrasses, pp 346–387. Elsevier/North Holland ,
Amsterdam
Short FT and Burdick DM (1996) Quantifying eelgrass habitat loss in relation to housing development and nitrogen
loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries 19: 730–
739
Short FT and Wyllie-Echeverria S (1996) Natural and humaninduced disturbance of seagrasses. Environ Conserv 23:
17–27
Silberstein K, Chiffings AW and McComb AJ (1986) The loss of
seagrass in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia. III. The effect
of epiphytes on productivity of Posidonia australis Hook. F.
Aquat Bot 24: 355–371
Turner SJ, Hewitt JE, Wilkinson MR, Morrisey DJ, Thrush SF,
Cummings VJ and Funnell G (1999) Seagrass patches and
landscapes: The influence of wind-wave dynamics and hierarchical arrangements of spatial structure on macrofaunal
seagrass communities. Estuaries 22: 116–1032
Vidondo B, Duarte CM, Middelboe AL, Stefansen K, L¨ utzen
T and Nielsen SL (1997) Dynamics of a landscape mosaic:
Size and age distributions, growth and demography of seagrass Cymodocea nodosa patches. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 158:
131–138
Walker DI and McComb AJ (1992) Seagrass degradation in Australian coastal waters. Mar Pollut Bull 25: 191–195
Walker DI, Olesen B and Phillips, RC (2001) Reproduction
and phenology in seagrasses. In: Global seagrass research
methods – A book of seagrass sampling methods designed to
provide uniform monitoring data, from seagrass ecosystems
around the World. (Eds. FT Short and RG Coles) Elsevier
pp. 313–324.
Ward DH, Markon CJ and Douglas DC (1997) Distribution and
stability of eelgrass beds at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska. Aquat
Bot 58: 229–240
Waycott M, James SH and Walker DI (1997) Genetic variation
within and between populations of Posidonia australis, a h ydrophilous, clonal seagrass. Heredity 79: 408–417
D. I. Walker, G. A. Kendrick, and A. J. McComb
Kendrick GA, Walker DI and Chandler Recruitment by seedlings
of Posidonia coriacea in southwestern Australia. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser (submitted)
Kirkman H (1978) Decline of seagrass in northern areas of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Aquat Bot 5: 63–76
Kirkman H and Kuo J (1990) Pattern and process in Southern
Western Australian Seagrasses Aquatic Botany 37: 367–382
Kuo J and Kirkman H (1996) in: Seagrass Biology. Proceedings
on an international workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, 25–29th January 1996. Kuo, JJS, Phillips, R, Walker,
DI, Kirkman, H (eds). Faculty of Science, University of WA.
10 pp
Larkum AWD (1976) Ecology of Botany Bay. I. Growth of Posidonia australis (Brown) Hook. F. in Botany Bay and other bays
of the Sydney basin. Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater
Research 27: 117–128
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1983) Stability, depletion and
restoration of seagrass beds. proc. Linn. Soc. NSW 106: 201–
12
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1990) Long-term changes of seagrass meadows in Botany Bay, Australia. Aquat Bot 37:
55–70
Marb` a N and Duarte, CM (1995) Coupling of seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) patch dynamics to subaqueous dune migration.
Journal of Ecology 83: 381–389
Marb` a N and Duarte, CM (1998) Rhizome elongation and seagrass clonal growth. Marine Ecology Progress Series 174:
269–280
Marb` a N and Walker DI (1999) Growth, flowering and population
dynamics of temperate Western Australian seagrasses. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 184: 105–118
Marb` a N, Cebri´ an J, Enriquez S and Duarte CM (1994) Migration
of large-scale subaqueous bedforms measured with seagrasses
(Cymodocea nodosa) as tracers. Limnol Oceanogr 39: 126–
133
Marb` a N, Duarte CM, Cebri´ an J, Gallegos ME, Olesen B
and Sand-Jensen K (1996) Growth and population dynamics
of Posidonia oceanica on the Spanish Mediterranean coast:
Elucidating seagrass decline. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 137: 203–
213
Marb` a N, Duarte CM, Holmer M, Martinez R, Basterretxea
G, Orfila A and Tintore J (2002) Effectiveness of protection
of seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) populations in Cabrera National Park (Spain). Environ Conserv 29: 509–518
McRoy CP and McMillan C (1977) Production ecology and
physiology of seagrasses. In: McRoy CP and Helferrich C
(eds) Seagrass Ecosystems: A Scientific Perspective, pp 53–
81. Dekker, New York
Meehan AJ and West RJ (2000) Recovery times for a damaged
Posidonia australis bed in south eastern Australia. Aquat Bot
67: 161–167
Mueller-Dombois D and Ellenberg H (1974) Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology, p 547. John Wiley & Sons, New
York
Olesen B, Sand-Jensen KAJ (1994) Demography of shallow
eelgrass (Zostera marina) populations-shoot dynamics and
biomass development. Journal of Ecology. 82: 379–390
Orth RJ and Moore KA (1983) Chesapeake Bay: An unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222:
57–53
Patriquin DG (1975). ‘Migration’ of blowouts in seagrass beds
at Barbados and Carriacoo, West Indies, and its ecological and
geological implications. Aquat Bot 1: 163–189
Pergent G and Pergent-Martini C (1991) Leaf renewal cycle
and primary production of Posidonia oceanica in the Bay of
Lacco Ameno (Ischia, Italy) using lepidochronological analysis. Aquat Bot 42(1): 49–66
Ramage DL and Schiel DR (1999) Patch dynamics and response
to disturbance of the seagrass Zostera novazelandica on inter -
tidal platforms in southern New Zealand. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
189: 275–288
Robbins BD (1997) Quantifying temporal change in seagrass
areal coverage: The use of GIS and low resolution aerial photography. Aquat Bot 58: 259–267
Robbins BD and Bell SS (2000) Dynamics of a subtidal seagrass
landscape: Seasonal and annual change in relation to water
depth. Ecology 81: 1193–1205
Seddon S, Connolly RM and Edyvane KS (2000) Large-scale
seagrass dieback in northern Spencer Gulf, South Australia.
Aquat Bot 66: 297–310
Shepherd SA, McComb AJ, Bulthuis DA, Neverauskas V,
Steffensen DA and West R (1989) Decline of seagrasses.
In: Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and Shepherd SA (eds) Biology of Seagrasses, pp 346–387. Elsevier/North Holland ,
Amsterdam
Short FT and Burdick DM (1996) Quantifying eelgrass habitat loss in relation to housing development and nitrogen
loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries 19: 730–
739
Short FT and Wyllie-Echeverria S (1996) Natural and humaninduced disturbance of seagrasses. Environ Conserv 23:
17–27
Silberstein K, Chiffings AW and McComb AJ (1986) The loss of
seagrass in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia. III. The effect
of epiphytes on productivity of Posidonia australis Hook. F.
Aquat Bot 24: 355–371
Turner SJ, Hewitt JE, Wilkinson MR, Morrisey DJ, Thrush SF,
Cummings VJ and Funnell G (1999) Seagrass patches and
landscapes: The influence of wind-wave dynamics and hierarchical arrangements of spatial structure on macrofaunal
seagrass communities. Estuaries 22: 116–1032
Vidondo B, Duarte CM, Middelboe AL, Stefansen K, L¨ utzen
T and Nielsen SL (1997) Dynamics of a landscape mosaic:
Size and age distributions, growth and demography of seagrass Cymodocea nodosa patches. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 158:
131–138
Walker DI and McComb AJ (1992) Seagrass degradation in Australian coastal waters. Mar Pollut Bull 25: 191–195
Walker DI, Olesen B and Phillips, RC (2001) Reproduction
and phenology in seagrasses. In: Global seagrass research
methods – A book of seagrass sampling methods designed to
provide uniform monitoring data, from seagrass ecosystems
around the World. (Eds. FT Short and RG Coles) Elsevier
pp. 313–324.
Ward DH, Markon CJ and Douglas DC (1997) Distribution and
stability of eelgrass beds at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska. Aquat
Bot 58: 229–240
Waycott M, James SH and Walker DI (1997) Genetic variation
within and between populations of Posidonia australis, a h ydrophilous, clonal seagrass. Heredity 79: 408–417