Chapter 18 The Biology of Thalassia
435
Koch EW and Gust G (1999). Water flow in tide- and wavedominated beds of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 184: 63–72
Koch MS, Benz RE and Rudnick DT (2001) Solid-phase phosphorus pools in highly organic carbonate sediments of Northeastern Florida Bay. Est Coast Shelf Sci 52: 279–291
Kraemer GP and Hanisak MD (2000) Physiological growth response of Thalassia testudinum to environmentally-relevant
periods of low irradiance. Aquat Bot 67: 287–300
Kuenen MMCE and Debrot AO (1995) A quantitative study of
the seagrass and algal meadows of the Spaanse Water, Curacao, The Netherlands Antilles. Aquat Bot 51: 291–310
Kuo J, Cook IH and Kirkman H (1987) Observations of propagating shoots in the seagrass genus Amphibolis C. Agardh
(Cymodoceaceae). Aquat Bot 27: 291–293
Kuo J, Coles RG, Long WJ and Mellors JE (1991) Fruits
and seeds of Thalassia hemprichii (Hydrocharitaceae) from
Queensland, Australia. Aquat Bot 40: 165–173
Lacap CDA, Vermaat JE, Rollon RN and Nacorda HM (2002)
Propagule dispersal of the SE Asian seagrasses Enhalus
acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 235:
75–80
Land LS (1970) Carbonate mud: Production by epiphytic
growth on Thalassia testudinum. J Sedimenol Petrol 40: 1361–
1363
Lapointe BE, Tomasko AT and Matzie WR (1994) Eutrophication and trophic state classification of seagrass communities
in the Florida Keys. Bull Mar Sci 54: 696–717
Lawson GS, Tyler PA and Young CM (1993) Attraction of deepsea amphipods to macrophyte food falls. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
169: 33–39
Lee K-S and Dunton KH (1996) Effects of in situ light reduction
on the maintenance, growth and partitioning of carbon resources in Thalassia testudinum Banks ex K¨ onig. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 210: 53–73
Lee K-S and Dunton KH (1999a) In organic nitrogen acquisition
in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum: Development of a wholeplant nitrogen budget. Limnol Oceanogr 44: 1204–1215
Lee K-S and Dunton KH (1999b) Influence of sediment nitrogenavailability on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the seagrass
Thalassia testudinum. Mar Biol 134: 217–226
Lee K-S and Dunton KH (2000) Effects of nitrogen enrichment
on biomass allocation, growth, and leaf morphology of the
seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 196: 39–48
Lewis RR and Phillips RC (1980) Occurrence of seeds and
seedlings of Thalassia testudinum Banks ex K¨ onig in the
Florida Keys (USA). Aquat Bot 9: 377–380
Lipson D and Nasholm T (2001) The unexpected versatility
of plants: Organic nitrogen use and availability in terrestrial
ecosystems. Oecologia 128: 305–316
Littler DS and Littler MM (2000) Caribbean Reef Plants, OffShore Graphics, Inc., Hong Kong
Lumbert SH, den Hartog C, Phillips RC and Olsen FS (1984) The
occurrence of fossil seagrasses in the Avon Park formation
(Late Middle Eocene), Levy County, Florioda (USA). Aquat
Bot 20: 121–129
Marb` a N and Duarte CM (1998) Rhizome elongation and seagrass clonal growth. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 174: 269–280
Marb` a N, Gallegos ME, Merino M and Duarte CM (1994) Vertical growth of Thalassia testudinum: Seasonal and interannual
variability. Aquat Bot 47: 1–11
Marb` a N, Hemminga MA, Mateo MA, Duarte CM, Mass YEM,
Terrados J and Garcia E (2002) Carbon and nitrogen translocation between seagrass ramets. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 226: 287–300
Marshall CD, Kubilis PS, Huth GD, Edmonds VM, Halin DL
and Reep RL (2000) Food-handling ability and feeding-cycle
length of manatees feeding on several species of aquatic plants.
J Mammal 81: 649–658
McClanahan TR, Nugues M and Mwachireya S (1994) Fish and
sea-urchin herbivory and competition in Kenyan coral-reef
lagoons—the role of reef management. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
184: 237–254
McGlathery KJ (1995) Nutrient and grazing influences on a subtropical seagrass community. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 122: 239–252
McGlathery KJ, Berg P and Marino R (2001) Using porewater
profiles to assess nutrient availability in seagrass-vegetated
carbonate sediments. Biogeochemistry 56: 239–263
McMillan C (1976) Experimental studies on flowering and reproduction in seagrasses. Aquat Bot 2: 87–92
McMillan C (1979) Differentiation in response to chilling temperatures among populations of three marine spermatophytes,
Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme and Halodule
wrightii. Am J Bot 66: 810–819
McMillan C (1980) Izozymes of tropical seagrasses from the
Indo-Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico-Caribbean. Aquat Bot 8:
163–172
McMillan C and Moseley FN (1967) Salinity tolerances of five
marine spermatophytes of Redfish Bay, Texas. Ecology 48:
503–506
Mercier A, Battaglene SC and Hamel JF (2000) Settlement preferences and early migration of the tropical sea cucumber
Holothuria scabra. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 249: 89–110
Moffler MD and Durako MJ (1984) Axenic culture of Thalassia
testudinum Banks ex K¨ onig (Hydrocharitaceae). Am J Bot 71:
1455–1460
Moffler MD, Durako MD and Grey WF (1981) Observations on
the reporductive ecology of Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). Aquat Bot 10: 183–187
Moore DR (1963) Distribution of the seagrass, Thalassia, in
the United States. Bull Mar Sci Gulf and Carribean 13: 329–
342
Moriarty DJW and O’Donohue MJ (1993) Nitrogen fixation in
seagrass communities during summer in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 44: 117–125
Multer HG (1988) Growth rate, ultrastructure and sediment contribution of Halimeda incrassata and Halimeda monile, Nonsuch and Falmouth Bays, Antigua, W.I. Coral Reefs 6: 179–
186
Nagelkerken I, van der Velde G, Gorissen MW, Meijer GJ, van
’t Hof T and den Hartog C (2000) Importance of mangroves,
seagrass beds and the shallow coral reef as a nursery for important coral reef fishes, using a visual census technique. Est
Coast Shelf Sci 51: 31–44
Nakaoka M and Izumi H (2000) Magnitude of within-patch variation in seagrass Halophila ovalis growth affected by adjacent
Thalassia hemprichii vegetation. Ecolog Res 15: 415–424
Nienhuis PH, Coosen J and Kiswara W (1989) Community structure and biomass distribution of seagrasses and macrofauna
in the Flores Sea, Indonesia. Neth J Sea Res 23: 197–214
Ogden JC and Gladfelter EH (1983) Coral reefs, seagrass beds
and mangroves: Their interaction in the coastal zones of
the Caribbean, UNESCO Reports in Marine Science 23,
435
Koch EW and Gust G (1999). Water flow in tide- and wavedominated beds of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 184: 63–72
Koch MS, Benz RE and Rudnick DT (2001) Solid-phase phosphorus pools in highly organic carbonate sediments of Northeastern Florida Bay. Est Coast Shelf Sci 52: 279–291
Kraemer GP and Hanisak MD (2000) Physiological growth response of Thalassia testudinum to environmentally-relevant
periods of low irradiance. Aquat Bot 67: 287–300
Kuenen MMCE and Debrot AO (1995) A quantitative study of
the seagrass and algal meadows of the Spaanse Water, Curacao, The Netherlands Antilles. Aquat Bot 51: 291–310
Kuo J, Cook IH and Kirkman H (1987) Observations of propagating shoots in the seagrass genus Amphibolis C. Agardh
(Cymodoceaceae). Aquat Bot 27: 291–293
Kuo J, Coles RG, Long WJ and Mellors JE (1991) Fruits
and seeds of Thalassia hemprichii (Hydrocharitaceae) from
Queensland, Australia. Aquat Bot 40: 165–173
Lacap CDA, Vermaat JE, Rollon RN and Nacorda HM (2002)
Propagule dispersal of the SE Asian seagrasses Enhalus
acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 235:
75–80
Land LS (1970) Carbonate mud: Production by epiphytic
growth on Thalassia testudinum. J Sedimenol Petrol 40: 1361–
1363
Lapointe BE, Tomasko AT and Matzie WR (1994) Eutrophication and trophic state classification of seagrass communities
in the Florida Keys. Bull Mar Sci 54: 696–717
Lawson GS, Tyler PA and Young CM (1993) Attraction of deepsea amphipods to macrophyte food falls. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
169: 33–39
Lee K-S and Dunton KH (1996) Effects of in situ light reduction
on the maintenance, growth and partitioning of carbon resources in Thalassia testudinum Banks ex K¨ onig. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 210: 53–73
Lee K-S and Dunton KH (1999a) In organic nitrogen acquisition
in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum: Development of a wholeplant nitrogen budget. Limnol Oceanogr 44: 1204–1215
Lee K-S and Dunton KH (1999b) Influence of sediment nitrogenavailability on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the seagrass
Thalassia testudinum. Mar Biol 134: 217–226
Lee K-S and Dunton KH (2000) Effects of nitrogen enrichment
on biomass allocation, growth, and leaf morphology of the
seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 196: 39–48
Lewis RR and Phillips RC (1980) Occurrence of seeds and
seedlings of Thalassia testudinum Banks ex K¨ onig in the
Florida Keys (USA). Aquat Bot 9: 377–380
Lipson D and Nasholm T (2001) The unexpected versatility
of plants: Organic nitrogen use and availability in terrestrial
ecosystems. Oecologia 128: 305–316
Littler DS and Littler MM (2000) Caribbean Reef Plants, OffShore Graphics, Inc., Hong Kong
Lumbert SH, den Hartog C, Phillips RC and Olsen FS (1984) The
occurrence of fossil seagrasses in the Avon Park formation
(Late Middle Eocene), Levy County, Florioda (USA). Aquat
Bot 20: 121–129
Marb` a N and Duarte CM (1998) Rhizome elongation and seagrass clonal growth. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 174: 269–280
Marb` a N, Gallegos ME, Merino M and Duarte CM (1994) Vertical growth of Thalassia testudinum: Seasonal and interannual
variability. Aquat Bot 47: 1–11
Marb` a N, Hemminga MA, Mateo MA, Duarte CM, Mass YEM,
Terrados J and Garcia E (2002) Carbon and nitrogen translocation between seagrass ramets. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 226: 287–300
Marshall CD, Kubilis PS, Huth GD, Edmonds VM, Halin DL
and Reep RL (2000) Food-handling ability and feeding-cycle
length of manatees feeding on several species of aquatic plants.
J Mammal 81: 649–658
McClanahan TR, Nugues M and Mwachireya S (1994) Fish and
sea-urchin herbivory and competition in Kenyan coral-reef
lagoons—the role of reef management. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
184: 237–254
McGlathery KJ (1995) Nutrient and grazing influences on a subtropical seagrass community. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 122: 239–252
McGlathery KJ, Berg P and Marino R (2001) Using porewater
profiles to assess nutrient availability in seagrass-vegetated
carbonate sediments. Biogeochemistry 56: 239–263
McMillan C (1976) Experimental studies on flowering and reproduction in seagrasses. Aquat Bot 2: 87–92
McMillan C (1979) Differentiation in response to chilling temperatures among populations of three marine spermatophytes,
Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme and Halodule
wrightii. Am J Bot 66: 810–819
McMillan C (1980) Izozymes of tropical seagrasses from the
Indo-Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico-Caribbean. Aquat Bot 8:
163–172
McMillan C and Moseley FN (1967) Salinity tolerances of five
marine spermatophytes of Redfish Bay, Texas. Ecology 48:
503–506
Mercier A, Battaglene SC and Hamel JF (2000) Settlement preferences and early migration of the tropical sea cucumber
Holothuria scabra. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 249: 89–110
Moffler MD and Durako MJ (1984) Axenic culture of Thalassia
testudinum Banks ex K¨ onig (Hydrocharitaceae). Am J Bot 71:
1455–1460
Moffler MD, Durako MD and Grey WF (1981) Observations on
the reporductive ecology of Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). Aquat Bot 10: 183–187
Moore DR (1963) Distribution of the seagrass, Thalassia, in
the United States. Bull Mar Sci Gulf and Carribean 13: 329–
342
Moriarty DJW and O’Donohue MJ (1993) Nitrogen fixation in
seagrass communities during summer in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 44: 117–125
Multer HG (1988) Growth rate, ultrastructure and sediment contribution of Halimeda incrassata and Halimeda monile, Nonsuch and Falmouth Bays, Antigua, W.I. Coral Reefs 6: 179–
186
Nagelkerken I, van der Velde G, Gorissen MW, Meijer GJ, van
’t Hof T and den Hartog C (2000) Importance of mangroves,
seagrass beds and the shallow coral reef as a nursery for important coral reef fishes, using a visual census technique. Est
Coast Shelf Sci 51: 31–44
Nakaoka M and Izumi H (2000) Magnitude of within-patch variation in seagrass Halophila ovalis growth affected by adjacent
Thalassia hemprichii vegetation. Ecolog Res 15: 415–424
Nienhuis PH, Coosen J and Kiswara W (1989) Community structure and biomass distribution of seagrasses and macrofauna
in the Flores Sea, Indonesia. Neth J Sea Res 23: 197–214
Ogden JC and Gladfelter EH (1983) Coral reefs, seagrass beds
and mangroves: Their interaction in the coastal zones of
the Caribbean, UNESCO Reports in Marine Science 23,