344
A. W. D. Larkum, E. A. Drew, and P. J. Ralph
Larkum AW D., Eckert, H.-J. & Renger G (2001) The effect
of UV-B radiation on photosystem II. Photosynth Res 36:
17–23
Lazar AC and Dawes CJ (1991) A seasonal study of the seagrass Ruppia maritima L. in Tampa Bay, Florida. Organic
constituents and tolerances to salinity and temperature. Bot
Mar, 34, 265–269
Lee D, Bone R, Tarsis, S and Storch D (1990) Correlates of leaf
optical properties in tropical forest sun and extreme shade
plants. Am J Bot 77:370–380
Littler M and Littler, D . Blair SM and Norris JN (1985) Deepest known plant life discovered on an uncharted seamount.
Science 227: 57–59
Loewus F (1965) Inositol metabolism and cell wall formation in
plants. Fed Proc 24:855–62
Loewus F and Kelly S (1962) The metabolism of myo–inositol
in plants. Fed Proc 21:88
Longstaff BJ, Loneragan NR, O’Donohue MJ and Dennison WC
(1999) Effects of light deprivation on the survival and recovery
of the seagrass Halophila ovalis (R.B.r) Hook. J Exp Mar Biol
Ecol 234:1–27
Longstaff BJ, Kildea, T, Runcie JW, Cheshire A C, Dennison
WC, Hurd C, Kana T, Raven JA and Larkum AWD (2002) An
in situ study of oxygen exchange and electron transport rate in
the marine macroalga Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta). Photosynth
Res 74:281–291
Lorimer HL (1981) The carboxylation and oxygenation of
ribulaose-1,5-bisphosphate: the primary events in photosynthesis and photorespiration. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 32:349–
383
Maberly SC and Madsen T V (2002) Freshwater angiosperm carbon concentrating mechanisms: processes and patterns. Funct
Plant Biol 29:393–405
McMillan C (1983) Sulfated flavanoids and leaf morphology of
the Halophila ovalis – H. minor complex (Hydrocharitaceae)
in the Pacific Islands and Australia. Aquat Bot 16:337–347
McMillan C, Williams SC, Escobar L and Zapata, O (1981)
Isoenzymes, secondary compounds and experimental cultures
of Australian seagrasses in Halophila, Halodule, Zostera, Amphibolis and Posidonia. Aust J Bot 29:247–60
Major KM and Dunton KH (2000) Photosynthetic Performance in Syringodium filiforme: Seasonal Variation in LightHarvesting Characteristics. Aquat Bot 68:249–264
Major KM and Dunton KH (2002) Variations in light-harvesting
characteristics of the seagrass, Thalassia testudinum: evidence
for photoacclimation. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 275:173–189.
Marsh JA, Dennison WC and Alberte RS (1986) Effects of temperature on photosynthesis and respiration in eelgrass (Zostera
marina L.). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 101:257–267
Masini R and Manning CR (1997) The photosynthetic response
to irradiance and temperature of four meadow-forming seagrass. Aquat Bot 58:21–36
Masini R, Cary JL, Simpson CJ and McComb AJ (1995) Effects
of light and temperature on the photosynthesis of temperate
meadow-forming seagrass in Western Australia. Aquat Bot
49:239–254
Maxwell K and Johnson GN (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence- a
practical guide. J exp Bot 51, 659–668
Millhouse J and Strother S 1986a. The effect of pH on the inorganic carbon source for photosynthesis in the seagrass Zostera
muelleri. Aquat Bot 24:199–210
Millhouse J and Strother S 1986b. Salt-stimulated bicarbonatedependent photosynthesis in the marine angiosperm Zostera
muelleri. J Exp Bot 37:965–976.
Millhouse J and Strother S (1987) Further characteristics of saltdependent bicarbonate use by the seagrass Zostera-muelleri.
J Exp Bot 38:1055–1068
Miyake C and Asada K (2003) The water-water cycle as an alternative electron flux around PSI in algae. p. 183–204. In AWD
Larkum, S Douglas. and JA Raven (eds.) Photosynthesis in
Algae. Kluwer Publ. Co, Dordrecht
Nicholls PD, Klumpp DW and Johns RB (1982) Lipid components of the seagrasses Posidonia australis and Heterozostera tasmanica as indicators of carbon source. Phytochem
21:1613–162
Olesen B, Enriquez S, Duarte CM, Sand-Jensen K (2002) Depthacclimation of photosynthesis, morphology and demography
of Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa in the Spanish
Mediterranean Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 236:89–97
Parnik T, Bil K, Kolmakov P and Titlyanov, E (1992) Photosynthesis of the seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum: leaf
anatomy and carbon metabolism. Photosynthetica 26:213–
223
Peralta G, Perez-Llorens JL, Hernandez I and Vergara JJ (2002)
Effects of light availability on growth, architecture and nutrient
content of the seagrass Zostera noltii Hornem. J Exp Mar Biol
Ecol 269:9–26
Pirc H (1985) Growth dynamics in Posidonia oceanica (L.)
Delile. PSZNI Mar Ecol 6:141–65
Popp M (1984) Chemical composition of Australian mangroves.
H. Low molecular weight carbohydrates. Zeit Pflanzenphysiol
113:411–21
Pulich WM (1986) Variations in peat soluble amino–acids and
ammonium content in subtropical seagrasses related to salinity
stress. Plant Physiols 80:283–86
Ralph PJ (1998) Photosynthetic response of laboratory-cultured
Halophila ovalis to thermal stress Mar Ecol-Progr Ser
171:123–130
Ralph PJ (1999) Light-induced photoinhibitory stress responses
of laboratory-cultured Halophila ovalis. Bot Mar 42:11–22.
Ralph, PJ (1998) Photosynthetic responses of Halophila ovalis
(R. Br.) Hook. f . to osmotic stress. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
227:203–220
Ralph PJ and Burchett MD (1995) Photosynthetic responses of
Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f . to high irradiance stress,
using chlorophyll a fluorescence. Aquat Bot 51:55–66
Ralph PJ and Gademann R (1999) Photosynthesis of the seagrass
Posidonia australis Hook. f and associated epiphytes, measured by in situ fluorescence analysis. p. 63–71. In DI Walker
and FE Wells (eds.). The seagrass flora and fauna of Rottnest
Island, Western Australia. West Australian Museum, Perth
Ralph PJ, Gademann R and Dennison WC (1998) In situ
seagrass photosynthesis measured using a submersible
pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Mar Biol 132:367–
373
Ralph PJ, Polk SM, Moore KA Orth RJ and Smith WO (2002)
Operation of the xanthophyll cycle in the seagrass Zostera
marina in response to variable irradiance J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
271:189–207
Ralph PJ, Schreiber U, Gademann R, K¨ uhl M, and Larkum, A.
WD (2005) Coral photobiology studied with a new imaging
PAM fluorometer. J Phycol 41:335–342
A. W. D. Larkum, E. A. Drew, and P. J. Ralph
Larkum AW D., Eckert, H.-J. & Renger G (2001) The effect
of UV-B radiation on photosystem II. Photosynth Res 36:
17–23
Lazar AC and Dawes CJ (1991) A seasonal study of the seagrass Ruppia maritima L. in Tampa Bay, Florida. Organic
constituents and tolerances to salinity and temperature. Bot
Mar, 34, 265–269
Lee D, Bone R, Tarsis, S and Storch D (1990) Correlates of leaf
optical properties in tropical forest sun and extreme shade
plants. Am J Bot 77:370–380
Littler M and Littler, D . Blair SM and Norris JN (1985) Deepest known plant life discovered on an uncharted seamount.
Science 227: 57–59
Loewus F (1965) Inositol metabolism and cell wall formation in
plants. Fed Proc 24:855–62
Loewus F and Kelly S (1962) The metabolism of myo–inositol
in plants. Fed Proc 21:88
Longstaff BJ, Loneragan NR, O’Donohue MJ and Dennison WC
(1999) Effects of light deprivation on the survival and recovery
of the seagrass Halophila ovalis (R.B.r) Hook. J Exp Mar Biol
Ecol 234:1–27
Longstaff BJ, Kildea, T, Runcie JW, Cheshire A C, Dennison
WC, Hurd C, Kana T, Raven JA and Larkum AWD (2002) An
in situ study of oxygen exchange and electron transport rate in
the marine macroalga Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta). Photosynth
Res 74:281–291
Lorimer HL (1981) The carboxylation and oxygenation of
ribulaose-1,5-bisphosphate: the primary events in photosynthesis and photorespiration. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 32:349–
383
Maberly SC and Madsen T V (2002) Freshwater angiosperm carbon concentrating mechanisms: processes and patterns. Funct
Plant Biol 29:393–405
McMillan C (1983) Sulfated flavanoids and leaf morphology of
the Halophila ovalis – H. minor complex (Hydrocharitaceae)
in the Pacific Islands and Australia. Aquat Bot 16:337–347
McMillan C, Williams SC, Escobar L and Zapata, O (1981)
Isoenzymes, secondary compounds and experimental cultures
of Australian seagrasses in Halophila, Halodule, Zostera, Amphibolis and Posidonia. Aust J Bot 29:247–60
Major KM and Dunton KH (2000) Photosynthetic Performance in Syringodium filiforme: Seasonal Variation in LightHarvesting Characteristics. Aquat Bot 68:249–264
Major KM and Dunton KH (2002) Variations in light-harvesting
characteristics of the seagrass, Thalassia testudinum: evidence
for photoacclimation. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 275:173–189.
Marsh JA, Dennison WC and Alberte RS (1986) Effects of temperature on photosynthesis and respiration in eelgrass (Zostera
marina L.). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 101:257–267
Masini R and Manning CR (1997) The photosynthetic response
to irradiance and temperature of four meadow-forming seagrass. Aquat Bot 58:21–36
Masini R, Cary JL, Simpson CJ and McComb AJ (1995) Effects
of light and temperature on the photosynthesis of temperate
meadow-forming seagrass in Western Australia. Aquat Bot
49:239–254
Maxwell K and Johnson GN (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence- a
practical guide. J exp Bot 51, 659–668
Millhouse J and Strother S 1986a. The effect of pH on the inorganic carbon source for photosynthesis in the seagrass Zostera
muelleri. Aquat Bot 24:199–210
Millhouse J and Strother S 1986b. Salt-stimulated bicarbonatedependent photosynthesis in the marine angiosperm Zostera
muelleri. J Exp Bot 37:965–976.
Millhouse J and Strother S (1987) Further characteristics of saltdependent bicarbonate use by the seagrass Zostera-muelleri.
J Exp Bot 38:1055–1068
Miyake C and Asada K (2003) The water-water cycle as an alternative electron flux around PSI in algae. p. 183–204. In AWD
Larkum, S Douglas. and JA Raven (eds.) Photosynthesis in
Algae. Kluwer Publ. Co, Dordrecht
Nicholls PD, Klumpp DW and Johns RB (1982) Lipid components of the seagrasses Posidonia australis and Heterozostera tasmanica as indicators of carbon source. Phytochem
21:1613–162
Olesen B, Enriquez S, Duarte CM, Sand-Jensen K (2002) Depthacclimation of photosynthesis, morphology and demography
of Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa in the Spanish
Mediterranean Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 236:89–97
Parnik T, Bil K, Kolmakov P and Titlyanov, E (1992) Photosynthesis of the seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum: leaf
anatomy and carbon metabolism. Photosynthetica 26:213–
223
Peralta G, Perez-Llorens JL, Hernandez I and Vergara JJ (2002)
Effects of light availability on growth, architecture and nutrient
content of the seagrass Zostera noltii Hornem. J Exp Mar Biol
Ecol 269:9–26
Pirc H (1985) Growth dynamics in Posidonia oceanica (L.)
Delile. PSZNI Mar Ecol 6:141–65
Popp M (1984) Chemical composition of Australian mangroves.
H. Low molecular weight carbohydrates. Zeit Pflanzenphysiol
113:411–21
Pulich WM (1986) Variations in peat soluble amino–acids and
ammonium content in subtropical seagrasses related to salinity
stress. Plant Physiols 80:283–86
Ralph PJ (1998) Photosynthetic response of laboratory-cultured
Halophila ovalis to thermal stress Mar Ecol-Progr Ser
171:123–130
Ralph PJ (1999) Light-induced photoinhibitory stress responses
of laboratory-cultured Halophila ovalis. Bot Mar 42:11–22.
Ralph, PJ (1998) Photosynthetic responses of Halophila ovalis
(R. Br.) Hook. f . to osmotic stress. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
227:203–220
Ralph PJ and Burchett MD (1995) Photosynthetic responses of
Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f . to high irradiance stress,
using chlorophyll a fluorescence. Aquat Bot 51:55–66
Ralph PJ and Gademann R (1999) Photosynthesis of the seagrass
Posidonia australis Hook. f and associated epiphytes, measured by in situ fluorescence analysis. p. 63–71. In DI Walker
and FE Wells (eds.). The seagrass flora and fauna of Rottnest
Island, Western Australia. West Australian Museum, Perth
Ralph PJ, Gademann R and Dennison WC (1998) In situ
seagrass photosynthesis measured using a submersible
pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Mar Biol 132:367–
373
Ralph PJ, Polk SM, Moore KA Orth RJ and Smith WO (2002)
Operation of the xanthophyll cycle in the seagrass Zostera
marina in response to variable irradiance J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
271:189–207
Ralph PJ, Schreiber U, Gademann R, K¨ uhl M, and Larkum, A.
WD (2005) Coral photobiology studied with a new imaging
PAM fluorometer. J Phycol 41:335–342