Chapter 7 Carbon Flux in Seagrasses
189
Henrichs SM (1992) Early diagenesis of organic matter in marine sediments: Progress and perplexity. Mar Chem 39: 119–
149
Henrichs SM (1993) Early diagenesis of organic matter: The
dynamics (rates) of cycling of organic compounds. In: Engel
MH and Macko SA (eds) Organic Geochemistry, pp 101–117.
Plenum Press, New York
Henrichs SM and Reeburgh WS (1987) Anaerobic mineralization of marine sediment organic matter: Rates and the role of
anaerobic processes in the oceanic carbon economy. Geomicrobiology J 5: 191–237
Herzka SA and Dunton KH (1997) Seasonal photosynthetic patterns of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum in the western Gulf
of Mexico. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 152: 103–117
Herzka SZ and Dunton KH (1998) Light and carbon balance
in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum: Evaluation of current
production models. Mar Biol 132: 711–721
Hulthe G, Hulth S and Hall POJ (1998) Effect of oxygen on
degradation rate of refractory and labile organic matter in
continental margin sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:
1319–1328
Jones BJ, Cifuentes LM and Kaldy JE (2003) Stable carbon isotope evidence for coupling between sedimentary bacteria and
seagrasses in a sub-tropical lagoon. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 255:
15–25
Josselyn MN, Cailliet G, Niesen T, Cowen R, Hurley A, Conner J
and Hawes S (1983) Composition, export and faunal utilization
of drift vegetation in the Salt River submarine canyon. Est
Coast Shelf Sci 17: 447–465
Josselyn MN, Fonseca M, Niesen T and Larson R (1986)
Biomass, production and decomposition of a deep water
seagrass, Halophila decipiens Ostenf. Aquat Bot 25: 47–
61
Josselyn MN and Mathieson AC (1980) Seasonal influx and decomposition of autochthonous macrophyte litter in a north
temperate estuary. Hydrobiologia 71: 197–208
Kaldy JE and Dunton KH (2000) Above and below-ground production, biomass and reproductive ecology of Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass) in a subtropical coastal lagoon. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 193: 271–283
Kaldy JE, Onuf CP, Eldridge PM and Cifuentes LA (2002) Carbon budget for a subtropical dominated coastal lagoon: How
important are seagrasses to total ecosystem net primary production? Estuaries 25: 528–539
Keller BD (1983) Coexistence of sea urchins in seagrass meadows: An experimental analyses of competition and predation.
Ecology 64: 1581–1598
Kemp WM, Boynton WR, Twilley RR, Stevenson JC and Means
JC (1983) The decline of submerged vascular plants in upper Chesapeake Bay: Summary of results concerning possible
causes. Mar Technol Soc J 17: 78–89
Kemp WM, Smith EM, Marvin-Di Pascuale M and Boynton WR (1997) Organic carbon balance and net ecosystem
metabolism in Chesapeake Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 150: 229–
248
Kenworthy WJ and Thayer GW (1984) Production and decomposition of the roots and rhizomes of seagrasses, Zostera marina
and Thalassia testudinum, in temperate and subtropical marine
ecosystems. Bull Mar Sci 35: 364–379
Kenworthy WJ, Currin C, Smith G and Thayer G (1987) The
abundance, biomass and acetylene reduction activity of bacteria associated with decomposing rhizomes of two seagrasses,
Zostera marina and Thalassia testudinum. Aquat Bot 27: 97–
119
Kirkman H and Reid DD (1979) A study of the role of the seagrass Posidonia australis in the carbon budget of an estuary.
Aquat Bot 7: 173–183
Kirkman H and Young P (1981) Measurement of health and
echinoderm grazing on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Aquat
Bot 10: 329–338
Klap VA (1997) Biogeochemical aspects of salt marsh exchange processes in the SW Netherlands. Centre for Estuarine and Coastal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology
(NIOO/CEMO). PhD Thesis, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam
Klap V, Hemminga MA and Boom JJ (2000) The retention of
lignin in seagrasses: Angiosperms that returned to the sea.
Mar Ecol Prog Ser 194: 1–11
Klumpp DW, Salita-Espinosa JS and Fortes MD (1992) The role
of epiphytic periphyton and macroinvertebrate grazers in the
trophic flux of a tropical seagrass community. Aquat Bot 43:
327–349
Klumpp DW, Salita-Espinosa JS and Fortes MD (1993) Feeding
ecology and the trophic role of sea urchins in a tropical seagrass
community. Aquat Bot 45: 205–229
Koepfler ET, Benner R and Montagna PA (1994) Variability of
dissolved organic carbon in sediments of a seagrass bed and an
unvegetated area within an estuary in southern Texas. Estuaries
16: 391–404
Kowalski JL, DeYoe HR, Allison TC and Kaldy JE (2001) Productivity estimation in Halodule wrightii: Comparison of leafclipping and leaf-marking techniques and the importance of
clip height. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 220: 131–136
Kristensen E (2000) Organic matter diagenesis at the oxic/
anoxic interface in coastal marine sediments, with emphasis on the role of burrowing animals. Hydrobiologia 426:
1–24
Lalli CM and Parsons TR (1993) Biological Oceanography: An
Introduction. Pergamon, New York, USA
Larkum AWD and den Hartog C (1989) Evolution and biogeography of seagrasses. In: Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and Shepherd SA (eds) Biology of Seagrasses, pp 112–156. Elsevier
Pub. Co., Amsterdam
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1990) Long-term changes of seagrass meadows in Botany Bay, Australia. Aquat Bot 37:
55–70
Leopold A (1949) A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here
and There. Oxford University Press, New York
Lepoint G, Nyssen F, Gobert S, Dauby P and Bouquegneau JM
(2000) Relative impact of a seagrass bed and its adjacent
epilithic algal community in consumer diets. Mar Biol 136:
513–518
Lewis NG and Yamamoto E (1990) Lignin: Occurrence, biogenesis and biodegradation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol
Biol 41: 455–496
Lipkin Y (1979) Quantitative aspects of seagrass communities,
particularly of those dominated by Halophila stipulacea, in
Sinai (Northern Red Sea). Aquat Bot 7: 119–128
Loneragan NR, Bunn SE and Kellaway DM (1997) Are mangroves and seagrasses sources of organic carbon for penaeid
prawns in a tropical Australian estuary? A multiple stableisotope study. Mar Biol 130: 289–300
189
Henrichs SM (1992) Early diagenesis of organic matter in marine sediments: Progress and perplexity. Mar Chem 39: 119–
149
Henrichs SM (1993) Early diagenesis of organic matter: The
dynamics (rates) of cycling of organic compounds. In: Engel
MH and Macko SA (eds) Organic Geochemistry, pp 101–117.
Plenum Press, New York
Henrichs SM and Reeburgh WS (1987) Anaerobic mineralization of marine sediment organic matter: Rates and the role of
anaerobic processes in the oceanic carbon economy. Geomicrobiology J 5: 191–237
Herzka SA and Dunton KH (1997) Seasonal photosynthetic patterns of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum in the western Gulf
of Mexico. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 152: 103–117
Herzka SZ and Dunton KH (1998) Light and carbon balance
in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum: Evaluation of current
production models. Mar Biol 132: 711–721
Hulthe G, Hulth S and Hall POJ (1998) Effect of oxygen on
degradation rate of refractory and labile organic matter in
continental margin sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:
1319–1328
Jones BJ, Cifuentes LM and Kaldy JE (2003) Stable carbon isotope evidence for coupling between sedimentary bacteria and
seagrasses in a sub-tropical lagoon. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 255:
15–25
Josselyn MN, Cailliet G, Niesen T, Cowen R, Hurley A, Conner J
and Hawes S (1983) Composition, export and faunal utilization
of drift vegetation in the Salt River submarine canyon. Est
Coast Shelf Sci 17: 447–465
Josselyn MN, Fonseca M, Niesen T and Larson R (1986)
Biomass, production and decomposition of a deep water
seagrass, Halophila decipiens Ostenf. Aquat Bot 25: 47–
61
Josselyn MN and Mathieson AC (1980) Seasonal influx and decomposition of autochthonous macrophyte litter in a north
temperate estuary. Hydrobiologia 71: 197–208
Kaldy JE and Dunton KH (2000) Above and below-ground production, biomass and reproductive ecology of Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass) in a subtropical coastal lagoon. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 193: 271–283
Kaldy JE, Onuf CP, Eldridge PM and Cifuentes LA (2002) Carbon budget for a subtropical dominated coastal lagoon: How
important are seagrasses to total ecosystem net primary production? Estuaries 25: 528–539
Keller BD (1983) Coexistence of sea urchins in seagrass meadows: An experimental analyses of competition and predation.
Ecology 64: 1581–1598
Kemp WM, Boynton WR, Twilley RR, Stevenson JC and Means
JC (1983) The decline of submerged vascular plants in upper Chesapeake Bay: Summary of results concerning possible
causes. Mar Technol Soc J 17: 78–89
Kemp WM, Smith EM, Marvin-Di Pascuale M and Boynton WR (1997) Organic carbon balance and net ecosystem
metabolism in Chesapeake Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 150: 229–
248
Kenworthy WJ and Thayer GW (1984) Production and decomposition of the roots and rhizomes of seagrasses, Zostera marina
and Thalassia testudinum, in temperate and subtropical marine
ecosystems. Bull Mar Sci 35: 364–379
Kenworthy WJ, Currin C, Smith G and Thayer G (1987) The
abundance, biomass and acetylene reduction activity of bacteria associated with decomposing rhizomes of two seagrasses,
Zostera marina and Thalassia testudinum. Aquat Bot 27: 97–
119
Kirkman H and Reid DD (1979) A study of the role of the seagrass Posidonia australis in the carbon budget of an estuary.
Aquat Bot 7: 173–183
Kirkman H and Young P (1981) Measurement of health and
echinoderm grazing on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Aquat
Bot 10: 329–338
Klap VA (1997) Biogeochemical aspects of salt marsh exchange processes in the SW Netherlands. Centre for Estuarine and Coastal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology
(NIOO/CEMO). PhD Thesis, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam
Klap V, Hemminga MA and Boom JJ (2000) The retention of
lignin in seagrasses: Angiosperms that returned to the sea.
Mar Ecol Prog Ser 194: 1–11
Klumpp DW, Salita-Espinosa JS and Fortes MD (1992) The role
of epiphytic periphyton and macroinvertebrate grazers in the
trophic flux of a tropical seagrass community. Aquat Bot 43:
327–349
Klumpp DW, Salita-Espinosa JS and Fortes MD (1993) Feeding
ecology and the trophic role of sea urchins in a tropical seagrass
community. Aquat Bot 45: 205–229
Koepfler ET, Benner R and Montagna PA (1994) Variability of
dissolved organic carbon in sediments of a seagrass bed and an
unvegetated area within an estuary in southern Texas. Estuaries
16: 391–404
Kowalski JL, DeYoe HR, Allison TC and Kaldy JE (2001) Productivity estimation in Halodule wrightii: Comparison of leafclipping and leaf-marking techniques and the importance of
clip height. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 220: 131–136
Kristensen E (2000) Organic matter diagenesis at the oxic/
anoxic interface in coastal marine sediments, with emphasis on the role of burrowing animals. Hydrobiologia 426:
1–24
Lalli CM and Parsons TR (1993) Biological Oceanography: An
Introduction. Pergamon, New York, USA
Larkum AWD and den Hartog C (1989) Evolution and biogeography of seagrasses. In: Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and Shepherd SA (eds) Biology of Seagrasses, pp 112–156. Elsevier
Pub. Co., Amsterdam
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1990) Long-term changes of seagrass meadows in Botany Bay, Australia. Aquat Bot 37:
55–70
Leopold A (1949) A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here
and There. Oxford University Press, New York
Lepoint G, Nyssen F, Gobert S, Dauby P and Bouquegneau JM
(2000) Relative impact of a seagrass bed and its adjacent
epilithic algal community in consumer diets. Mar Biol 136:
513–518
Lewis NG and Yamamoto E (1990) Lignin: Occurrence, biogenesis and biodegradation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol
Biol 41: 455–496
Lipkin Y (1979) Quantitative aspects of seagrass communities,
particularly of those dominated by Halophila stipulacea, in
Sinai (Northern Red Sea). Aquat Bot 7: 119–128
Loneragan NR, Bunn SE and Kellaway DM (1997) Are mangroves and seagrasses sources of organic carbon for penaeid
prawns in a tropical Australian estuary? A multiple stableisotope study. Mar Biol 130: 289–300