The Management of Eutrophicated Waters
71
does not overlook the international aspects, and which establishes a
balance among uses of a given littoral fringe (Charlier 1992; Cendrero
and Charlier 1989). The approach must be both multidisciplinary and
interdisciplinary and economic use must not be the only determining
factor. The causes of pollution must be identified, their geographical
sources recognized, and efficacious measures must be taken to suppress
them, or at least substantially reduce them. The problem will not be fully
solved with these measures first because not all pollution can be stopped,
any more than can human expansion and concentration on or near
coasts (Charlier 1989), and second other factors, whether short or long
term, cannot be modified.
An attempt can be made to turn a nuisance into a source of useful raw
material. A current approach to algal proliferation and stranding has
been to transform shore pollution into land pollution (Orbetello, St.
Brieuc), or to make a timid attempt to use the algae as raw fertilizer. The
latter approach, however, has resulted in contamination of aquifers and
renewed transfer of nutrients to coastal waters, particularly in bays,
coastal lagoons, lakes and the like.
The purification ability of algae has been established, but attempts at
placing them into service are not numerous and results have been mostly
due to natural processes. The EU international cooperation program
COST -48, later absorbed in a new program (BRIDGE), provided the opportunity for a joint German - Greek project in the Bay of Thessaloniki.
The primary benefit from a lagooning plant, i.e. a water body acting in
the same manner as a natural lagoon, installed alongside a biological
purification plant, would be the return to the natural environment of
water virtually free of any excess nutrients and, eliminating one of the
causes of eutrophication.
In addition to controlled utilization of waste waters, another project
targets the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of seaweed biomass in
eutrophicated areas. The natural coastal ecosystems study (France and
Italy) covers the ecophysiological aspects of macroalgal blooms, their
causes, and the impact of harvesting, together with processing for biotechnical purposes.
In France, the Centre d'Entr' Aide par Ie Travail de Quatre-Vaulx (St.
Cast-Ie-Guildo) has mixed collected algae with animal droppings and
forest residuals and markets quite successfully a compost of high quality
at competitive prices. However, this ensures the disposal of only quite
limited quantities of algae. The Venice algae are used for agar-agar
extraction, originally done in Padua, but now carried out nearer to
Venice, with a greater economic return. The Quatre-Vaulx production
includes a seaweed-wood waste compost, one for hobby use (gardening)
71
does not overlook the international aspects, and which establishes a
balance among uses of a given littoral fringe (Charlier 1992; Cendrero
and Charlier 1989). The approach must be both multidisciplinary and
interdisciplinary and economic use must not be the only determining
factor. The causes of pollution must be identified, their geographical
sources recognized, and efficacious measures must be taken to suppress
them, or at least substantially reduce them. The problem will not be fully
solved with these measures first because not all pollution can be stopped,
any more than can human expansion and concentration on or near
coasts (Charlier 1989), and second other factors, whether short or long
term, cannot be modified.
An attempt can be made to turn a nuisance into a source of useful raw
material. A current approach to algal proliferation and stranding has
been to transform shore pollution into land pollution (Orbetello, St.
Brieuc), or to make a timid attempt to use the algae as raw fertilizer. The
latter approach, however, has resulted in contamination of aquifers and
renewed transfer of nutrients to coastal waters, particularly in bays,
coastal lagoons, lakes and the like.
The purification ability of algae has been established, but attempts at
placing them into service are not numerous and results have been mostly
due to natural processes. The EU international cooperation program
COST -48, later absorbed in a new program (BRIDGE), provided the opportunity for a joint German - Greek project in the Bay of Thessaloniki.
The primary benefit from a lagooning plant, i.e. a water body acting in
the same manner as a natural lagoon, installed alongside a biological
purification plant, would be the return to the natural environment of
water virtually free of any excess nutrients and, eliminating one of the
causes of eutrophication.
In addition to controlled utilization of waste waters, another project
targets the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of seaweed biomass in
eutrophicated areas. The natural coastal ecosystems study (France and
Italy) covers the ecophysiological aspects of macroalgal blooms, their
causes, and the impact of harvesting, together with processing for biotechnical purposes.
In France, the Centre d'Entr' Aide par Ie Travail de Quatre-Vaulx (St.
Cast-Ie-Guildo) has mixed collected algae with animal droppings and
forest residuals and markets quite successfully a compost of high quality
at competitive prices. However, this ensures the disposal of only quite
limited quantities of algae. The Venice algae are used for agar-agar
extraction, originally done in Padua, but now carried out nearer to
Venice, with a greater economic return. The Quatre-Vaulx production
includes a seaweed-wood waste compost, one for hobby use (gardening)