66
R.H. Charlier and Th. Lonhienne
stockpiling which still leads to decomposition. Collection and dumping
are a financial burden, strandings constitute a physical hindrance, and
air fouling both cuts down tourism and is a nuisance for the local
population. Median effects are that year after year algal blooms occur,
relatively independently of the weather.
Amounts of stranded material increase yearly. In 1987 million metric
tonnes were reported for Italy, 35000 metric tonnes for France, and 6000
metric tonnes in England (Table 2.2). Outside the European Union
examples abound: Senegal 150000 metric tonnes, Tunisia 5000 metric
tonnes, Australia 35 000 metric tonnes .
The coasts of California and Argentina are equally affected, as are
those of India, New Zealand, South Africa, etc. Most blooms are from
green (Ulva, Enteromorpha, Cladophora) and red algae (Gracilaria, Porphyra). The phenomenon is ascribed to environmental perturbation.
Phaeocytis not significantly entering the zooplankton food chain affects fish productivity and modifies the benthos as organic deposits on
the sea floor cause oxygen depletion. Sulfurous volatile matter is generated and released into the atmosphere enhancing acid rain. In addition,
sea foam is accumulated on beaches, occasionally reaching heights of
2m.
Many bloom-forming flagellates are important sources of dimethylsulfides (DMS). When degradation of large quantities of algal matter
leads to oxygen depletion, enhanced production of nitrous oxide (N 2 0) is
likely. Both Prymnesiophite and Gerodinium are major producers of
DMS. Blooms caused by eutrophication play an important role in generation of these gases.
The geographical distribution of affected areas shows a parallelism
with human occupation (viz. settling), as they are usually close to tilled
land, with restricted communication between marine and lagoonal milieus.
Brown tides have been mentioned in northeastern United States.
Phaeocytis engenders Prymnesiophite blooms resembling a foamy gelatinous mass (Cosper 1989). The press has had some news flashes of "killer
algae": referred to kills of fish, even macroalgae by the toxic flagellate
Chrysochromulina polylepis.
Red tides due to dinoflagellates have been spreading geographically.
Their potent toxins have caused fish kills and human poisonings by
shellfish consumption. Their occurrence is more frequent in eutrophicated bays.
R.H. Charlier and Th. Lonhienne
stockpiling which still leads to decomposition. Collection and dumping
are a financial burden, strandings constitute a physical hindrance, and
air fouling both cuts down tourism and is a nuisance for the local
population. Median effects are that year after year algal blooms occur,
relatively independently of the weather.
Amounts of stranded material increase yearly. In 1987 million metric
tonnes were reported for Italy, 35000 metric tonnes for France, and 6000
metric tonnes in England (Table 2.2). Outside the European Union
examples abound: Senegal 150000 metric tonnes, Tunisia 5000 metric
tonnes, Australia 35 000 metric tonnes .
The coasts of California and Argentina are equally affected, as are
those of India, New Zealand, South Africa, etc. Most blooms are from
green (Ulva, Enteromorpha, Cladophora) and red algae (Gracilaria, Porphyra). The phenomenon is ascribed to environmental perturbation.
Phaeocytis not significantly entering the zooplankton food chain affects fish productivity and modifies the benthos as organic deposits on
the sea floor cause oxygen depletion. Sulfurous volatile matter is generated and released into the atmosphere enhancing acid rain. In addition,
sea foam is accumulated on beaches, occasionally reaching heights of
2m.
Many bloom-forming flagellates are important sources of dimethylsulfides (DMS). When degradation of large quantities of algal matter
leads to oxygen depletion, enhanced production of nitrous oxide (N 2 0) is
likely. Both Prymnesiophite and Gerodinium are major producers of
DMS. Blooms caused by eutrophication play an important role in generation of these gases.
The geographical distribution of affected areas shows a parallelism
with human occupation (viz. settling), as they are usually close to tilled
land, with restricted communication between marine and lagoonal milieus.
Brown tides have been mentioned in northeastern United States.
Phaeocytis engenders Prymnesiophite blooms resembling a foamy gelatinous mass (Cosper 1989). The press has had some news flashes of "killer
algae": referred to kills of fish, even macroalgae by the toxic flagellate
Chrysochromulina polylepis.
Red tides due to dinoflagellates have been spreading geographically.
Their potent toxins have caused fish kills and human poisonings by
shellfish consumption. Their occurrence is more frequent in eutrophicated bays.