60
R.H. Charlier and Th. Lonhienne
Table 2.1. Human, social and economic impact upon eutrophication
Human activity
Agents/consequences
Coastal zone degradation
problems
Urbanization
and transport
Agriculture
Tourism, recreation
and hunting
Fisheries and aquaculture
Industry, including energy
production
Land-use changes; road,
rail and air congestion;
dredging and disposal of
harbour sediments; spills
at sea; ports; water
abstraction; waste water
and waste disposal
Land reclamation;
fertilizer and pesticide
use; livestock densities;
water abstraction; river
channelization
Land-use changes; road,
rail and air congestion;
ports and marinas; water
abstraction; waste water
and waste disposal
Port construction; fish
processing facilities;
fishing gear; fish farm
effluents
Land-use changes; power
stations; extraction of
natural resources;
process effluents; cooling
water; windmills; river
impoundment; tidal
barrages
Eutrophication; loss of
habitats and biological
diversity; visual intrusion;
lowering of groundwater
table; salt water intrusion;
water pollution; human
health risks
Eutrophication; loss of
habitats and biological
diversity; water pollution;
reduction of freshwater
inputs to coastal waters
Eutrophication; visual
intrusion; lowering of
groundwater table; salt
water intrusion in aquifers;
water pollution; human
health risks; loss of
habitats and biological
diversity
Overfishing; impacts on
non-target species; litter
and oil on beaches;
sediment disturbance;
water pollution;
eutrophication
Water pollution;
decreased input of
freshwater and sediment
to coastal zone; thermal
pollution; eutrophication;
visual intrusion; loss of
habitats and biological
diversity; coastal erosion
Source: The ELOISE Programme, European Commission, EU, Brunels, 1994.
to coastal and hinterland development, eutrophication is the most important threat caused by pollution. The northern Adriatic Sea has been
subjected to occurrences of mucilagenous materials and is the site of an
almost permanent algal bloom, particularly along the Emilia-Romagna
coast. The Sea of Marmara, the Saronikos Gulf, the bays of Izmir,
Iskanderum and Alexandria (Mediterranean) suffer from chronic
R.H. Charlier and Th. Lonhienne
Table 2.1. Human, social and economic impact upon eutrophication
Human activity
Agents/consequences
Coastal zone degradation
problems
Urbanization
and transport
Agriculture
Tourism, recreation
and hunting
Fisheries and aquaculture
Industry, including energy
production
Land-use changes; road,
rail and air congestion;
dredging and disposal of
harbour sediments; spills
at sea; ports; water
abstraction; waste water
and waste disposal
Land reclamation;
fertilizer and pesticide
use; livestock densities;
water abstraction; river
channelization
Land-use changes; road,
rail and air congestion;
ports and marinas; water
abstraction; waste water
and waste disposal
Port construction; fish
processing facilities;
fishing gear; fish farm
effluents
Land-use changes; power
stations; extraction of
natural resources;
process effluents; cooling
water; windmills; river
impoundment; tidal
barrages
Eutrophication; loss of
habitats and biological
diversity; visual intrusion;
lowering of groundwater
table; salt water intrusion;
water pollution; human
health risks
Eutrophication; loss of
habitats and biological
diversity; water pollution;
reduction of freshwater
inputs to coastal waters
Eutrophication; visual
intrusion; lowering of
groundwater table; salt
water intrusion in aquifers;
water pollution; human
health risks; loss of
habitats and biological
diversity
Overfishing; impacts on
non-target species; litter
and oil on beaches;
sediment disturbance;
water pollution;
eutrophication
Water pollution;
decreased input of
freshwater and sediment
to coastal zone; thermal
pollution; eutrophication;
visual intrusion; loss of
habitats and biological
diversity; coastal erosion
Source: The ELOISE Programme, European Commission, EU, Brunels, 1994.
to coastal and hinterland development, eutrophication is the most important threat caused by pollution. The northern Adriatic Sea has been
subjected to occurrences of mucilagenous materials and is the site of an
almost permanent algal bloom, particularly along the Emilia-Romagna
coast. The Sea of Marmara, the Saronikos Gulf, the bays of Izmir,
Iskanderum and Alexandria (Mediterranean) suffer from chronic