Turkey
423
Table 18.2. Average annual inflow of river water into the
Black Sea
'
Area
Northwest part
Crimean coasts
Caucasian coasts
Turkish coasts
Bulgarian coasts
.......... ,
............. .
............. .
............. ,
.............. ............. .
Inflow of river water
(km 3 )
(%)
234
79.59
0.34
35
11.90
23
7.83
0.34
...................... ....................
.........
. ... .
.....
. ...... .
. ........... , ..
. ...
........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........ . .....
. . . .
.
Fig.18.2. Schematic map of the current systems (arrows) and depths (in meters) in the
Black Sea and the Marmara Sea
Marmara with a salinity of about 24-25 PSU is diluted with Pontic
(Black Sea) sea water with a salinity of 18 PSU before these currents
penetrate into the deep layers of the Black Sea. Seasonal variations of
salinity as well as temperature are most pronounced in the coastal areas.
In the open sea, these are clearly noticeable in the upper layer down to
75 m, where the autumn mixing takes place.
Dissolved oxygen is found in the superficial, oxygenated layer in
which the main aerobic biological processes take place. In the central
parts of the sea, oxygen is detectable down to depths of about 250 m. The