La Scola B, Audic S, Robert C, Jungang L, de Lamballerie X,
Drancourt M, Birtles R, Claverie JM, Raoult D (2003) A giant
virus in amoebae. Science 299:2033
Laval-Peuto M, Heinbokel JF, Anderson R, Rassoulzadegan F, Sherr
BF (1986) Role of micro- and nanozooplankton in marine food
webs. Insect Sci Appl 7:387–395
Lavelle P, Decae ¨ns T, Aubert M, Barot S, Blouin M, Bureau F,
Margerie P, Mora P, Rossi JP (2006) Soil invertebrates and ecosystem services. Eur J Soil Biol 42:3–15
Lawrence JR, Scharf B, Packroff G, Neu TR (2002) Microscale evaluation of the effects of grazing by invertebrates with contrasting
feeding modes on river biofilm architecture and composition.
Microb Ecol 43:199–207
Lefe `vre E, Bardot C, Noe ¨l C, Carrias J-F, Viscogliosi E, Amblard C,
Sime-Ngando T (2007) Unveiling fungal zooflagellates as
members of freshwater picoeukaryotes: evidence from a molecular
diversity study in a deep meromictic lake. Environ Microbiol 9:61–71
Legendre L, Rassoulzadegan F (1995) Plankton and nutrient dynamics
in marine waters. Ophelia 41:153–172
Li KW, Subba Rao DV, Harrison GW, Smith CJ, Cullen JJ, Irwin B,
Platt T (1983) Autotrophic picoplankton in the tropical ocean.
Science 219:292–295
Liess A, Hillebrand H (2004) Direct and indirect effects in herbivore–periphyton interactions. Arch Hydrobiol 159:433–453
Lindell D, Jaffe JD, Johnson ZI, Church GM, Chisholm SW (2005)
Photosynthetic genes in marine viruses yield proteins during host
infection. Nature 438:86–89
Majdi N, Mialet B, Boyer S, Tackx M, Leflaive J, Boule ˆtreau S, TenHage L, Julien F, Fernandez R, Buffan-Dubau E (2012a) The
relationship between epilithic biofilm stability and its associated
meiofauna under two patterns of flood disturbance. Fresh Sci
31:38–50
Majdi N, Tackx M, Buffan-Dubau E (2012b) Trophic positioning and
microphytobenthic carbon uptake of biofilm-dwelling meiofauna in
a temperate river. Fresh Biol 57:1180–1190
Mann NH (2003) Phages of the marine cyanobacterial phytoplankton.
FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:17–34
Maranger R, Bird DE (1996) High concentrations of viruses in the
sediments of Lac Gilbert, Quebec. Microb Ecol 31:141–151
Mathieu M, Leflaive J, Ten-Hage L, de Wit R, Buffan-Dubau E (2007)
Free-living nematodes affect oxygen turn-over of artificial diatom
biofilms. Aquat Microb Ecol 49:281–291
McLean MA, Parkinson D (2000) Field evidence of the effects of the
epigenic earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra on the microfungal
community in pine forest floor. Soil Biol Biochem 32:351–360
McQueen DJ, Johannes MRS, Post JR, Steward TJ, Lean DRS (1989)
Bottom-up and top-down impacts on freshwater pelagic community
structure. Ecol Monogr 59:289–310
Middelburg JJ, Barranguet C, Boschker HTS, Herman PMJ, Moens T,
Heip CHR (2000) The fate of intertidal microphytobenthos carbon:
an in situ
13
C labelling study. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1224–1234
Mittelbach GG, Steiner CF, Scheiner SM, Gross KL, Reynolds HL,
Waide RB (2001) What is the observed relationship between species richness and productivity? Ecology 82:2381–2396
Moens T, Traunspurger W, Bergtold M (2006) Feeding ecology of freeliving benthic nematodes. In: Abebe E, Traunspurger W, Andrassy I
(eds) Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 105–131
Moody SA, Piearce TG, Dighton J (1996) Fates of some fungal spores
associated with wheat straw decomposition on passage through the
guts of Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea longa. Soil Biol
Biochem 28:533–537
Moran XA, Alonso-Saez L (2011) Independence of bacteria on phytoplankton? Insufficient support for Fouilland and Mostajir’s (2010)
suggested new concept. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 78:203–205
Pischedda L, Cuny P, Esteves JL, Poggiale J-C, Gilbert F (2012) Spatial
oxygen heterogeneity in a Hediste diversicolor irrigated burrow.
Hydrobiologia 680:109–124
Pomeroy LR (1974) The ocean’s food web, a changing paradigm.
BioSci 24:499–504
Pomeroy LR (1991) Status and future needs in protozoan ecology. In:
Reid PC, Turley CM, Burkill PH (eds) Protozoa and their role in
marine processes. Nato Asi series. Springer, New York, pp 475–492
Renault P, Stengel P (1994) Modelling oxygen diffusion in aggregated
soils: anaerobiosis inside the aggregates. Soil Sci Soc Am J
58:1017–1023
Riemann F, Helmke E (2002) Symbiotic relations of sediment
agglutinating nematodes and bacteria in detrital habitats: the
enzyme-sharing concept. PSZN I Mar Ecol 23:93–113
Rohwer F, Thurber RV (2009) Viruses manipulate the marine environment. Nature 459:207–212
Roossinck MJ (2011) The good viruses: viral mutualistic symbioses.
Nat Rev Microbiol 9:99–108
Schmidt O, Curry JP, Dyckmans J, Rota E, Scrimgeour CM (2004)
Dual stable isotope analysis (delta C-13 and delta N-15) of soil
invertebrates and their food source. Pedobiologia 48:171–180
Schulz HN, Jorgensen BB (2001) Big bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol
55:105–137
Sextone AJ, Revbesh NP, Parkin TB, Tiedje JM (1985) Direct
measurement of oxygen profiles and denitrification rates in soil
aggregates. Soil Sci Soc Am J 49:645–651
Sherr EB, Sherr BF (1988) Role of microbes in pelagic food webs: a
revised concept. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1225–1227
Sieburth JMCN, Smetacek V, Lenz J (1978) Pelagic ecosystem structure:
heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to
plankton size fractions. Limnol Oceanogr 23:1256–1263
Sime-Ngando T (1997) Importance des virus dans la structure et le
fonctionnement des re ´seaux trophiques microbiens aquatiques. Ann
Biol 36:181–210
Sime-Ngando T (2012) Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: fungal
parasites of phytoplankton and their imprints on the food web
dynamics. In: Grossart HP, Reimann L, Tang KW (eds) Molecular
and functional ecology of aquatic microbial symbionts, vol 3.
Frontiers Microbiology, p 361
Sime-Ngando T, Colombet J (2009) Viruses and prophages in aquatic
ecosystems. Can J Microbiol 55:95–109
Sime-Ngando T, Niquil N (2011) Disregarded microbial diversity and
ecological potentials in aquatic systems. Development in hydrobiology, vol 216. Springer, Dordrecht
Sime-Ngando T, Bettarel Y, Chartogne C, Sean K (2003) The imprint
of wild viruses on freshwater microbial ecology. Recent Res Dev
Microbiol 7:481–497
Suttle CA (2005) Viruses in the sea. Nature 437:356–361
Suttle CA (2007) Marine viruses – major players in the global ecosystem. Nat Rev 5:801–812
Swift MJ, Heal OW, Anderson JM (1979) Decomposition in terrestrial
ecosystems. University of California Press, Berkeley
Tachet H, Richoux P, Bournaud M, Usseglio-Polatera P (2010)
Inverte ´bre ´s d’eau douce: syste ´matique, biology, e ´cologie. CNRS
E ´ ditions, Paris
Thingstad TF (2000) Element of a theory for the mechanisms
controlling abundance, diversity, and biogeochemical role of lytic
bacteria viruses in aquatic systems. Limnol Oceanogr
45:1320–1328
Torsvik V, Ovreas L, Thingstad TF (2002) Prokaryotic diversity: magnitude, dynamics and controlling factors. Science 296:1064–1066
Verity PG (1991) Feeding in planktonic protozoans – evidence for nonrandom acquisition of prey. J Protozool 38:69–76
Wardle DA (2002) Linking the aboveground and belowground
components. Princeton University Press, Princeton
508
B. Mostajir et al.
Drancourt M, Birtles R, Claverie JM, Raoult D (2003) A giant
virus in amoebae. Science 299:2033
Laval-Peuto M, Heinbokel JF, Anderson R, Rassoulzadegan F, Sherr
BF (1986) Role of micro- and nanozooplankton in marine food
webs. Insect Sci Appl 7:387–395
Lavelle P, Decae ¨ns T, Aubert M, Barot S, Blouin M, Bureau F,
Margerie P, Mora P, Rossi JP (2006) Soil invertebrates and ecosystem services. Eur J Soil Biol 42:3–15
Lawrence JR, Scharf B, Packroff G, Neu TR (2002) Microscale evaluation of the effects of grazing by invertebrates with contrasting
feeding modes on river biofilm architecture and composition.
Microb Ecol 43:199–207
Lefe `vre E, Bardot C, Noe ¨l C, Carrias J-F, Viscogliosi E, Amblard C,
Sime-Ngando T (2007) Unveiling fungal zooflagellates as
members of freshwater picoeukaryotes: evidence from a molecular
diversity study in a deep meromictic lake. Environ Microbiol 9:61–71
Legendre L, Rassoulzadegan F (1995) Plankton and nutrient dynamics
in marine waters. Ophelia 41:153–172
Li KW, Subba Rao DV, Harrison GW, Smith CJ, Cullen JJ, Irwin B,
Platt T (1983) Autotrophic picoplankton in the tropical ocean.
Science 219:292–295
Liess A, Hillebrand H (2004) Direct and indirect effects in herbivore–periphyton interactions. Arch Hydrobiol 159:433–453
Lindell D, Jaffe JD, Johnson ZI, Church GM, Chisholm SW (2005)
Photosynthetic genes in marine viruses yield proteins during host
infection. Nature 438:86–89
Majdi N, Mialet B, Boyer S, Tackx M, Leflaive J, Boule ˆtreau S, TenHage L, Julien F, Fernandez R, Buffan-Dubau E (2012a) The
relationship between epilithic biofilm stability and its associated
meiofauna under two patterns of flood disturbance. Fresh Sci
31:38–50
Majdi N, Tackx M, Buffan-Dubau E (2012b) Trophic positioning and
microphytobenthic carbon uptake of biofilm-dwelling meiofauna in
a temperate river. Fresh Biol 57:1180–1190
Mann NH (2003) Phages of the marine cyanobacterial phytoplankton.
FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:17–34
Maranger R, Bird DE (1996) High concentrations of viruses in the
sediments of Lac Gilbert, Quebec. Microb Ecol 31:141–151
Mathieu M, Leflaive J, Ten-Hage L, de Wit R, Buffan-Dubau E (2007)
Free-living nematodes affect oxygen turn-over of artificial diatom
biofilms. Aquat Microb Ecol 49:281–291
McLean MA, Parkinson D (2000) Field evidence of the effects of the
epigenic earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra on the microfungal
community in pine forest floor. Soil Biol Biochem 32:351–360
McQueen DJ, Johannes MRS, Post JR, Steward TJ, Lean DRS (1989)
Bottom-up and top-down impacts on freshwater pelagic community
structure. Ecol Monogr 59:289–310
Middelburg JJ, Barranguet C, Boschker HTS, Herman PMJ, Moens T,
Heip CHR (2000) The fate of intertidal microphytobenthos carbon:
an in situ
13
C labelling study. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1224–1234
Mittelbach GG, Steiner CF, Scheiner SM, Gross KL, Reynolds HL,
Waide RB (2001) What is the observed relationship between species richness and productivity? Ecology 82:2381–2396
Moens T, Traunspurger W, Bergtold M (2006) Feeding ecology of freeliving benthic nematodes. In: Abebe E, Traunspurger W, Andrassy I
(eds) Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 105–131
Moody SA, Piearce TG, Dighton J (1996) Fates of some fungal spores
associated with wheat straw decomposition on passage through the
guts of Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea longa. Soil Biol
Biochem 28:533–537
Moran XA, Alonso-Saez L (2011) Independence of bacteria on phytoplankton? Insufficient support for Fouilland and Mostajir’s (2010)
suggested new concept. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 78:203–205
Pischedda L, Cuny P, Esteves JL, Poggiale J-C, Gilbert F (2012) Spatial
oxygen heterogeneity in a Hediste diversicolor irrigated burrow.
Hydrobiologia 680:109–124
Pomeroy LR (1974) The ocean’s food web, a changing paradigm.
BioSci 24:499–504
Pomeroy LR (1991) Status and future needs in protozoan ecology. In:
Reid PC, Turley CM, Burkill PH (eds) Protozoa and their role in
marine processes. Nato Asi series. Springer, New York, pp 475–492
Renault P, Stengel P (1994) Modelling oxygen diffusion in aggregated
soils: anaerobiosis inside the aggregates. Soil Sci Soc Am J
58:1017–1023
Riemann F, Helmke E (2002) Symbiotic relations of sediment
agglutinating nematodes and bacteria in detrital habitats: the
enzyme-sharing concept. PSZN I Mar Ecol 23:93–113
Rohwer F, Thurber RV (2009) Viruses manipulate the marine environment. Nature 459:207–212
Roossinck MJ (2011) The good viruses: viral mutualistic symbioses.
Nat Rev Microbiol 9:99–108
Schmidt O, Curry JP, Dyckmans J, Rota E, Scrimgeour CM (2004)
Dual stable isotope analysis (delta C-13 and delta N-15) of soil
invertebrates and their food source. Pedobiologia 48:171–180
Schulz HN, Jorgensen BB (2001) Big bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol
55:105–137
Sextone AJ, Revbesh NP, Parkin TB, Tiedje JM (1985) Direct
measurement of oxygen profiles and denitrification rates in soil
aggregates. Soil Sci Soc Am J 49:645–651
Sherr EB, Sherr BF (1988) Role of microbes in pelagic food webs: a
revised concept. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1225–1227
Sieburth JMCN, Smetacek V, Lenz J (1978) Pelagic ecosystem structure:
heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to
plankton size fractions. Limnol Oceanogr 23:1256–1263
Sime-Ngando T (1997) Importance des virus dans la structure et le
fonctionnement des re ´seaux trophiques microbiens aquatiques. Ann
Biol 36:181–210
Sime-Ngando T (2012) Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: fungal
parasites of phytoplankton and their imprints on the food web
dynamics. In: Grossart HP, Reimann L, Tang KW (eds) Molecular
and functional ecology of aquatic microbial symbionts, vol 3.
Frontiers Microbiology, p 361
Sime-Ngando T, Colombet J (2009) Viruses and prophages in aquatic
ecosystems. Can J Microbiol 55:95–109
Sime-Ngando T, Niquil N (2011) Disregarded microbial diversity and
ecological potentials in aquatic systems. Development in hydrobiology, vol 216. Springer, Dordrecht
Sime-Ngando T, Bettarel Y, Chartogne C, Sean K (2003) The imprint
of wild viruses on freshwater microbial ecology. Recent Res Dev
Microbiol 7:481–497
Suttle CA (2005) Viruses in the sea. Nature 437:356–361
Suttle CA (2007) Marine viruses – major players in the global ecosystem. Nat Rev 5:801–812
Swift MJ, Heal OW, Anderson JM (1979) Decomposition in terrestrial
ecosystems. University of California Press, Berkeley
Tachet H, Richoux P, Bournaud M, Usseglio-Polatera P (2010)
Inverte ´bre ´s d’eau douce: syste ´matique, biology, e ´cologie. CNRS
E ´ ditions, Paris
Thingstad TF (2000) Element of a theory for the mechanisms
controlling abundance, diversity, and biogeochemical role of lytic
bacteria viruses in aquatic systems. Limnol Oceanogr
45:1320–1328
Torsvik V, Ovreas L, Thingstad TF (2002) Prokaryotic diversity: magnitude, dynamics and controlling factors. Science 296:1064–1066
Verity PG (1991) Feeding in planktonic protozoans – evidence for nonrandom acquisition of prey. J Protozool 38:69–76
Wardle DA (2002) Linking the aboveground and belowground
components. Princeton University Press, Princeton
508
B. Mostajir et al.