718
describes the increased susceptibility of chinook salmon from a contaminated estuary to V. anguillarum (Arkoosh et al . 1998 ). Undoubtedly, the future will bring
further examples.
Zoonoses
It should not be ignored that some fi sh pathogens may also on occasion cause disease in humans. Fortunately, the incidences are low, but culprits include: Aer.
hydrophila (causing diarrhoea and septicaemias), Edw. tarda (diarrhoea), Myc. fortuitum (mycobacteriosis; fi sh tank granuloma), Myc. marinum (mycobacteriosis;
fi sh tank granuloma), Ph. damselae subsp. damselae (necrotising fasciitis, bacteraemia), Ps. fl uorescens (wound infections), Str. iniae (“mad fi sh disease”) and V. vulnifi cus (wound infections) (e.g. Rivas et al . 2013a , b ; Gauthier 2015 ). Even aquarium
water is not without risk as Aer. schubertii, Aer. veronii, Aer. hydrophila, Coxiella
burnetii, Legionella birminghamensis, Legionella pneumophila, Plesiomonas shigelloides V. cholerae, V. mimicus and V. vulnifi cus were detected in Rhode Island,
USA in water containing goldfi sh ( Carassius auratus ) and Chinese algae eaters
( Gyrinocheilus aymonieri ) by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (Smith et al . 2012 ).
References
Andree KR, Rodgers CJ, Furones D, Gisbert E (2013) Co-infection with Pseudomonas anguilliseptica and Delftia acidovorans in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.): a case history of
an illegally traffi cked protected species. J Fish Dis 36:647–656
Arkoosh MR, Casillas E, Huffman P, Clemons E, Evered J, Stein JE, Varanasi U (1998) Increased
susceptibility of juvenile chinook salmon from a contaminated estuary to Vibrio anguillarum .
Trans Am Fish Soc 127:360–374
Austin B, Stobie M (1992) Recovery of Serratia plymuthica and presumptive Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes from skin lesions in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), otherwise
infected with enteric redmouth. J Fish Dis 15:541–543
Bruhn JB, Dalsgaard I, Nielsen KF, Buchholtz C, Larsen JL, Gram L (2005) Quorum sensing
signal molecules (acylated homoserine lactones) in Gram-negative fi sh pathogenic bacteria.
Dis Aquat Org 65:43–52
Bucke D (1991) Current approaches to the study of pollution-related diseases of fi sh. Bull Eur
Assoc Fish Pathol 11:46–53
Bucke D (1997) Facts and myths regarding pollution and fi sh health. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol
17:191–196
Bucke D, Vethaak AD, Lang T (1992) Quantitative assessment of melanomacrophage centres
(MMCs) in dab Limanda limanda as indicators of pollution effects on the non-specifi c immune
system. Mar Prog Ser 91:193–196
Dethlefsen V, Watermann B (1980) Epidermal papilloma of North Sea dab, Limanda limanda:
histology, epidemiology and relation to dumping from TiO 2 industry. ICES Spec Meet Dis
Commerc Imp Mar Fish Shellfi sh 8:1–30
Dethlefsen V, Watermann B, Hoppenheit M (1987) Diseases of North Sea dab ( Limanda limanda
L.) in relation to biological and chemical parameters. Arch Fisch 37:101–237
15 Conclusions
describes the increased susceptibility of chinook salmon from a contaminated estuary to V. anguillarum (Arkoosh et al . 1998 ). Undoubtedly, the future will bring
further examples.
Zoonoses
It should not be ignored that some fi sh pathogens may also on occasion cause disease in humans. Fortunately, the incidences are low, but culprits include: Aer.
hydrophila (causing diarrhoea and septicaemias), Edw. tarda (diarrhoea), Myc. fortuitum (mycobacteriosis; fi sh tank granuloma), Myc. marinum (mycobacteriosis;
fi sh tank granuloma), Ph. damselae subsp. damselae (necrotising fasciitis, bacteraemia), Ps. fl uorescens (wound infections), Str. iniae (“mad fi sh disease”) and V. vulnifi cus (wound infections) (e.g. Rivas et al . 2013a , b ; Gauthier 2015 ). Even aquarium
water is not without risk as Aer. schubertii, Aer. veronii, Aer. hydrophila, Coxiella
burnetii, Legionella birminghamensis, Legionella pneumophila, Plesiomonas shigelloides V. cholerae, V. mimicus and V. vulnifi cus were detected in Rhode Island,
USA in water containing goldfi sh ( Carassius auratus ) and Chinese algae eaters
( Gyrinocheilus aymonieri ) by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (Smith et al . 2012 ).
References
Andree KR, Rodgers CJ, Furones D, Gisbert E (2013) Co-infection with Pseudomonas anguilliseptica and Delftia acidovorans in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.): a case history of
an illegally traffi cked protected species. J Fish Dis 36:647–656
Arkoosh MR, Casillas E, Huffman P, Clemons E, Evered J, Stein JE, Varanasi U (1998) Increased
susceptibility of juvenile chinook salmon from a contaminated estuary to Vibrio anguillarum .
Trans Am Fish Soc 127:360–374
Austin B, Stobie M (1992) Recovery of Serratia plymuthica and presumptive Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes from skin lesions in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), otherwise
infected with enteric redmouth. J Fish Dis 15:541–543
Bruhn JB, Dalsgaard I, Nielsen KF, Buchholtz C, Larsen JL, Gram L (2005) Quorum sensing
signal molecules (acylated homoserine lactones) in Gram-negative fi sh pathogenic bacteria.
Dis Aquat Org 65:43–52
Bucke D (1991) Current approaches to the study of pollution-related diseases of fi sh. Bull Eur
Assoc Fish Pathol 11:46–53
Bucke D (1997) Facts and myths regarding pollution and fi sh health. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol
17:191–196
Bucke D, Vethaak AD, Lang T (1992) Quantitative assessment of melanomacrophage centres
(MMCs) in dab Limanda limanda as indicators of pollution effects on the non-specifi c immune
system. Mar Prog Ser 91:193–196
Dethlefsen V, Watermann B (1980) Epidermal papilloma of North Sea dab, Limanda limanda:
histology, epidemiology and relation to dumping from TiO 2 industry. ICES Spec Meet Dis
Commerc Imp Mar Fish Shellfi sh 8:1–30
Dethlefsen V, Watermann B, Hoppenheit M (1987) Diseases of North Sea dab ( Limanda limanda
L.) in relation to biological and chemical parameters. Arch Fisch 37:101–237
15 Conclusions