564
V. splendidus 1 and V. campbellii- like organisms have been implicated with
acute mortalities in turbot (Colistium nudipinnis) and brill (C. guntheri) in New
Zealand (Diggles et al. 2000 ). Here, the disease signs included inappetance, erratic
swimming, distended abdomen distended stomach and intestine, which contained
clear fl uid, haemorrhaging around and at the base of the fi ns, necrosis and sloughing-off of the mucosa from the stomach and intestine, haemorrhaging and necrosis
in the kidney and liver, and some vacuolation in the brain and spinal cord. A suggested link was made to adverse water quality and inadequate diet (Diggles et al.
2000 ).
V. splendidus was recovered from the kidney of dead and moribund corkwing
wrasse in Norway. The disease signs centred on inappetance, reduced swimming
activity, and in some cases surface ulceration (Jensen et al. 2003 ). Subsequently, V.
splendidus- like bacteria were recovered from wrasses and lumpsucker (Cyclopterus
lumpus) in Norway (Gulla et al. 2015 ).
Isolation
Kidney (anterior), liver, spleen and fl uid from within the peritoneal cavity contained
bacterial populations, which grew on TSA supplemented with 2 % (w/v) sodium
chloride and on TCBS with incubation at 22 °C for 48 h (Lupiani et al. 1989 ).
Jensen et al. ( 2003 ) used nutrient agar supplemented with 5 % (v/v) sheep blood and
1.5 % (w/v) NaCl, which was inoculated with kidney tissue and incubated aerobically at 15 °C for up to 7 days.
Characteristics of the Pathogen
Box 10.17: Vibrio splendidus
Cultures contain motile fermentative Gram-negative rods, which produce
arginine dihydrolase (some isolates), catalase, ß-galactosidase, lysine decarboxylase and oxidase, but not H 2 S, indole, ornithine decarboxylase or phenylalanine deaminase, degrade blood (ß-haemolysis) chitin, gelatin, lipids and
starch, but not aesculin or urea, reduce nitrates, demonstrate positivity for the
methyl red test but not the Voges Proskauer reaction, are sensitive to the vibriostatic agent, O/129, grow at 37 °C and in 3 % (w/v) but not 0 or 7 % (w/v)
sodium chloride, utilise citrate, ß-gentiobiose, glucose, ribose and sorbitol but
not malonate or sucrose, and produce acid from glucose (no gas), maltose and
mannose but not from arabinose, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol or sucrose. The
G + C ratio of the DNA is 45.7–47.8 moles % (Jensen et al. 2003 ).
10 Vibrios
V. splendidus 1 and V. campbellii- like organisms have been implicated with
acute mortalities in turbot (Colistium nudipinnis) and brill (C. guntheri) in New
Zealand (Diggles et al. 2000 ). Here, the disease signs included inappetance, erratic
swimming, distended abdomen distended stomach and intestine, which contained
clear fl uid, haemorrhaging around and at the base of the fi ns, necrosis and sloughing-off of the mucosa from the stomach and intestine, haemorrhaging and necrosis
in the kidney and liver, and some vacuolation in the brain and spinal cord. A suggested link was made to adverse water quality and inadequate diet (Diggles et al.
2000 ).
V. splendidus was recovered from the kidney of dead and moribund corkwing
wrasse in Norway. The disease signs centred on inappetance, reduced swimming
activity, and in some cases surface ulceration (Jensen et al. 2003 ). Subsequently, V.
splendidus- like bacteria were recovered from wrasses and lumpsucker (Cyclopterus
lumpus) in Norway (Gulla et al. 2015 ).
Isolation
Kidney (anterior), liver, spleen and fl uid from within the peritoneal cavity contained
bacterial populations, which grew on TSA supplemented with 2 % (w/v) sodium
chloride and on TCBS with incubation at 22 °C for 48 h (Lupiani et al. 1989 ).
Jensen et al. ( 2003 ) used nutrient agar supplemented with 5 % (v/v) sheep blood and
1.5 % (w/v) NaCl, which was inoculated with kidney tissue and incubated aerobically at 15 °C for up to 7 days.
Characteristics of the Pathogen
Box 10.17: Vibrio splendidus
Cultures contain motile fermentative Gram-negative rods, which produce
arginine dihydrolase (some isolates), catalase, ß-galactosidase, lysine decarboxylase and oxidase, but not H 2 S, indole, ornithine decarboxylase or phenylalanine deaminase, degrade blood (ß-haemolysis) chitin, gelatin, lipids and
starch, but not aesculin or urea, reduce nitrates, demonstrate positivity for the
methyl red test but not the Voges Proskauer reaction, are sensitive to the vibriostatic agent, O/129, grow at 37 °C and in 3 % (w/v) but not 0 or 7 % (w/v)
sodium chloride, utilise citrate, ß-gentiobiose, glucose, ribose and sorbitol but
not malonate or sucrose, and produce acid from glucose (no gas), maltose and
mannose but not from arabinose, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol or sucrose. The
G + C ratio of the DNA is 45.7–47.8 moles % (Jensen et al. 2003 ).
10 Vibrios