482
agglutinating antibody within 2 weeks at water temperatures of between 15 and
28 °C. The maximum titre recorded was 1:256, which was reached during the
7-week period that an immune response could be detected. Although injection in
Freund’s adjuvant produced the highest immune response in terms of production of
agglutinating antibody (titre = 1:4096), all the commonly used vaccination techniques protected the recipient fi sh against experimental challenge with virulent cells
(Nakai and Muroga 1979 ). Field trials with batches of eels, each comprising 2000
animals, Nakai et al. ( 1982b ) confi rmed the effi cacy of injectable heat-killed vaccine. Using a formalin- inactivated whole cell vaccine in olive fl ounder, Jang et al.
( 2014 ) reported commendable success (RPS = 89 %).
Antimicrobial Compounds Jo ( 1978 ) discussed the usefulness of nalidixic acid,
oxolinic acid and piromidic acid for chemotherapy.
Pseudomonas baetica
Characteristics of the Disease
In the single outbreak, dying wedge sole lacked external or internal signs of disease
(López et al. 2011 ).
Isolation
Isolation was achieved on Fle. maritimus medium with incubation at 20 °C for
24–96 h (López et al. 2011 ).
Characteristics of the Pathogen
Five isolates were recovered from the liver of diseased adult wedge sole in Spain,
and on the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing equated with Pseudomonas. Examination
of the housekeeping genes gyrB and rpoD permitted differentiation from other
Pseudomonas, a conclusion supported by DNA:DNA hybridisation (López et al.
2011 ).
9 Pseudomonads
agglutinating antibody within 2 weeks at water temperatures of between 15 and
28 °C. The maximum titre recorded was 1:256, which was reached during the
7-week period that an immune response could be detected. Although injection in
Freund’s adjuvant produced the highest immune response in terms of production of
agglutinating antibody (titre = 1:4096), all the commonly used vaccination techniques protected the recipient fi sh against experimental challenge with virulent cells
(Nakai and Muroga 1979 ). Field trials with batches of eels, each comprising 2000
animals, Nakai et al. ( 1982b ) confi rmed the effi cacy of injectable heat-killed vaccine. Using a formalin- inactivated whole cell vaccine in olive fl ounder, Jang et al.
( 2014 ) reported commendable success (RPS = 89 %).
Antimicrobial Compounds Jo ( 1978 ) discussed the usefulness of nalidixic acid,
oxolinic acid and piromidic acid for chemotherapy.
Pseudomonas baetica
Characteristics of the Disease
In the single outbreak, dying wedge sole lacked external or internal signs of disease
(López et al. 2011 ).
Isolation
Isolation was achieved on Fle. maritimus medium with incubation at 20 °C for
24–96 h (López et al. 2011 ).
Characteristics of the Pathogen
Five isolates were recovered from the liver of diseased adult wedge sole in Spain,
and on the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing equated with Pseudomonas. Examination
of the housekeeping genes gyrB and rpoD permitted differentiation from other
Pseudomonas, a conclusion supported by DNA:DNA hybridisation (López et al.
2011 ).
9 Pseudomonads