110
Presence of
parasporal crystals
Rhizoidal
growth
Motility
Growth at 45 °C
Bacillus mycoides
−
+
−
−
Bacillus anthracis
−
−
−
+
Bacillus cereus
−
−
+
+
Bacillus thuringiensis
+
−
+
+
Pathogenicity
Injection of 1.6 × 10
4 cells intramuscularly led to lesions in channel catfi sh, as
described in the original outbreak (Goodwin et al. 1994 ). Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections did not lead to the development of any lesions in the infected fi sh.
Disease Control
Use of Antimicrobial Compounds Sensitivity was reported to erythromycin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurazone, novobiocin and oxytetracycline but not to Romet (=
orthometoprim-sulphadimethoxine) (Goodwin et al. 1994 ).
Bacillus subtilis
There has been one reference to B. subtilis as a fi sh pathogen, causing branchionecrosis in common carp (Pychynski et al. 1981 ). However, the supporting evidence is
weak.
Corynebacteriaceae Representatives
Corynebacterium aquaticum
Characteristics of the Disease
The organism was associated with 3-year old striped bass in an experimental
aquaculture facility in Maryland, USA during December, 1990. Fish displayed
pronounced bilateral exophthalmia, and contained the organism in brain tissue
(Baya et al. 1992b ). Fish stopped feeding, swam more slowly, and died (at this point
3 Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods and Cocci
Presence of
parasporal crystals
Rhizoidal
growth
Motility
Growth at 45 °C
Bacillus mycoides
−
+
−
−
Bacillus anthracis
−
−
−
+
Bacillus cereus
−
−
+
+
Bacillus thuringiensis
+
−
+
+
Pathogenicity
Injection of 1.6 × 10
4 cells intramuscularly led to lesions in channel catfi sh, as
described in the original outbreak (Goodwin et al. 1994 ). Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections did not lead to the development of any lesions in the infected fi sh.
Disease Control
Use of Antimicrobial Compounds Sensitivity was reported to erythromycin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurazone, novobiocin and oxytetracycline but not to Romet (=
orthometoprim-sulphadimethoxine) (Goodwin et al. 1994 ).
Bacillus subtilis
There has been one reference to B. subtilis as a fi sh pathogen, causing branchionecrosis in common carp (Pychynski et al. 1981 ). However, the supporting evidence is
weak.
Corynebacteriaceae Representatives
Corynebacterium aquaticum
Characteristics of the Disease
The organism was associated with 3-year old striped bass in an experimental
aquaculture facility in Maryland, USA during December, 1990. Fish displayed
pronounced bilateral exophthalmia, and contained the organism in brain tissue
(Baya et al. 1992b ). Fish stopped feeding, swam more slowly, and died (at this point
3 Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods and Cocci