Suh, I. S., & Lee, C. G. (2003). Photobioreactor engineering: Design and performance.
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 8, 313–321.
Sun, A., Davis, R., Starbuck, M., Ben-Amotz, A., Pate, R., & Piencos, P. T. (2011). Comparative
cost analysis of algal oil production for biofuels. Energy, 36, 5169–5179.
Tabernero, A., Martín del Valle, E. M., & Galán, M. A. (2012). Evaluating the industrial potential
of biodiesel from a microalgae heterotrophic culture: Scale-up and economics. Biochemical
Engineering Journal, 63, 104–115.
Tao, Q., Gao, F., Qian, C. Y., Guo, X. Z., Zheng, Z., & Yang, Z. H. (2017). Enhanced biomass/
biofuel production and nutrient removal in an algal biofilm airlift photobioreactor. Algal
Research, 21, 9–15.
Torzillo, G. (1997). Tubular bioreactors. In A. Vonshak (Ed.), Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira):
Phisiology, cell-biology and biotechnology (1st ed., pp. 101–115). London: Taylor and Francis.
Torzillo, G., Zittelli, G. C., & Chini Zittelli, G. (2015). Tubular photobioreactors. In A. Prokop, R.
K. Bajpai, & M. E. Zappi (Eds.), Algal biorefineries volume 2: Products and refinery design
(pp. 187–212). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Tredici, M. R., Carlozzi, P., Zittelli, G. C., & Materassi, R. (1991). A vertical alveolar panel
(VAP) for outdoor mass cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Bioresource Technology,
38, 153–159.
Tredici, M. R., & Materassi, R. (1992). From open ponds to vertical alveolar panels: The Italian
experience in the development of reactors for the mass cultivation of photoautotrophic
microorganisms. Journal of Applied Phycology, 4, 221–231.
Tredici, M. R., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Bassi, N., & Sampietro, G. (2016). Techno-economic
analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1-há Green Wall Panel (GWP
®
) plant. Algal
Research, 19, 253–263.
Tuantet, K., Temmink, H., Zeeman, G., Janssen, M., Wijffels, R. H., & Buisman, C. J. N. (2014).
Nutrient removal and microalgal biomass production on urine in a short light-path
photobioreactor. Water Research, 55, 162–174.
Ugwu, C. U., Aoyagi, H., & Uchiyama, H. (2008). Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae.
Bioresource Technology, 99, 4021–4028.
Ugwu, C. U., Ogbonna, J. C., & Tanaka, H. (2002). Improvement of mass transfer characteristics
and productivities of inclined tubular photobioreactors by installation of internal static mixers.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 58, 600–607.
Vieira, J. G., Manetti, A. G. S., Jacob-Lopes, E., & Queiroz, M. I. (2012). Uptake of phosphorus
from dairy wastewater by heterotrophic cultures of cyanobacteria. Desalination and Water
Treatment, 40, 224–230.
Waltz, E. (2009). Biotech’s green gold? Nature Biotechnology, 27, 15–18.
Wang, B., Lan, C. Q., & Horsman, M. (2012). Closed photobioreactors for production of
microalgal biomasses. Biotechnology Advances, 30, 904–912.
Wang, S. K., Hu, Y. R., Wang, F., Stiles, M. R., & Liu, C. Z. (2014). Scale-up cultivation of
Chlorella ellipsoidea from indoor to outdoor in bubble column bioreactors. Bioresource
Technology, 156, 117–122.
Wang, C. H., Sun, Y. Y., Xing, R. L., & Sun, L. Q. (2005). Effect of liquid circulation velocity and
cell density on the growth of Parietochloris incisa in flat plate photobioreactors. Biotechnology
and Bioprocess Engineering, 10, 103–108.
Watanabe, Y., de la Noue, J., & Hall, D. O. (2011). Photosynthetic performance of a helical
tubular photobioreactor incorporating the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. Biotechnology
and Bioengineering, 47, 261–269.
Wen, X., Du, K., Wang, Z., Peng, X., Luo, L., Tao, H., et al. (2016). Effective cultivation of
microalgae for biofuel production: A pilot-scale evaluation of a novel oleaginous microalga
Graesiella sp. WBG-1. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 9, 123–135.
Xiong, W., Li, X., Xiang, J., & Wu, Q. (2008). High-density fermentation of microalga Chlorella
protothecoides in bioreactor for microbial-diesel production. Applied Microbiology and
Biotechnology, 78, 29–36.
2 Microalgal Production Systems with Highlights …
33
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 8, 313–321.
Sun, A., Davis, R., Starbuck, M., Ben-Amotz, A., Pate, R., & Piencos, P. T. (2011). Comparative
cost analysis of algal oil production for biofuels. Energy, 36, 5169–5179.
Tabernero, A., Martín del Valle, E. M., & Galán, M. A. (2012). Evaluating the industrial potential
of biodiesel from a microalgae heterotrophic culture: Scale-up and economics. Biochemical
Engineering Journal, 63, 104–115.
Tao, Q., Gao, F., Qian, C. Y., Guo, X. Z., Zheng, Z., & Yang, Z. H. (2017). Enhanced biomass/
biofuel production and nutrient removal in an algal biofilm airlift photobioreactor. Algal
Research, 21, 9–15.
Torzillo, G. (1997). Tubular bioreactors. In A. Vonshak (Ed.), Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira):
Phisiology, cell-biology and biotechnology (1st ed., pp. 101–115). London: Taylor and Francis.
Torzillo, G., Zittelli, G. C., & Chini Zittelli, G. (2015). Tubular photobioreactors. In A. Prokop, R.
K. Bajpai, & M. E. Zappi (Eds.), Algal biorefineries volume 2: Products and refinery design
(pp. 187–212). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Tredici, M. R., Carlozzi, P., Zittelli, G. C., & Materassi, R. (1991). A vertical alveolar panel
(VAP) for outdoor mass cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Bioresource Technology,
38, 153–159.
Tredici, M. R., & Materassi, R. (1992). From open ponds to vertical alveolar panels: The Italian
experience in the development of reactors for the mass cultivation of photoautotrophic
microorganisms. Journal of Applied Phycology, 4, 221–231.
Tredici, M. R., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Bassi, N., & Sampietro, G. (2016). Techno-economic
analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1-há Green Wall Panel (GWP
®
) plant. Algal
Research, 19, 253–263.
Tuantet, K., Temmink, H., Zeeman, G., Janssen, M., Wijffels, R. H., & Buisman, C. J. N. (2014).
Nutrient removal and microalgal biomass production on urine in a short light-path
photobioreactor. Water Research, 55, 162–174.
Ugwu, C. U., Aoyagi, H., & Uchiyama, H. (2008). Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae.
Bioresource Technology, 99, 4021–4028.
Ugwu, C. U., Ogbonna, J. C., & Tanaka, H. (2002). Improvement of mass transfer characteristics
and productivities of inclined tubular photobioreactors by installation of internal static mixers.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 58, 600–607.
Vieira, J. G., Manetti, A. G. S., Jacob-Lopes, E., & Queiroz, M. I. (2012). Uptake of phosphorus
from dairy wastewater by heterotrophic cultures of cyanobacteria. Desalination and Water
Treatment, 40, 224–230.
Waltz, E. (2009). Biotech’s green gold? Nature Biotechnology, 27, 15–18.
Wang, B., Lan, C. Q., & Horsman, M. (2012). Closed photobioreactors for production of
microalgal biomasses. Biotechnology Advances, 30, 904–912.
Wang, S. K., Hu, Y. R., Wang, F., Stiles, M. R., & Liu, C. Z. (2014). Scale-up cultivation of
Chlorella ellipsoidea from indoor to outdoor in bubble column bioreactors. Bioresource
Technology, 156, 117–122.
Wang, C. H., Sun, Y. Y., Xing, R. L., & Sun, L. Q. (2005). Effect of liquid circulation velocity and
cell density on the growth of Parietochloris incisa in flat plate photobioreactors. Biotechnology
and Bioprocess Engineering, 10, 103–108.
Watanabe, Y., de la Noue, J., & Hall, D. O. (2011). Photosynthetic performance of a helical
tubular photobioreactor incorporating the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. Biotechnology
and Bioengineering, 47, 261–269.
Wen, X., Du, K., Wang, Z., Peng, X., Luo, L., Tao, H., et al. (2016). Effective cultivation of
microalgae for biofuel production: A pilot-scale evaluation of a novel oleaginous microalga
Graesiella sp. WBG-1. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 9, 123–135.
Xiong, W., Li, X., Xiang, J., & Wu, Q. (2008). High-density fermentation of microalga Chlorella
protothecoides in bioreactor for microbial-diesel production. Applied Microbiology and
Biotechnology, 78, 29–36.
2 Microalgal Production Systems with Highlights …
33