3.1.2 Biomass Productivity in Vertical PBR
Productivities of microalgal biomass in vertical photobioreactors vary with the type
of mode of liquid flow, dimensions, microalgae species, and operating and environmental conditions implemented. The values of productivities in these systems of
production reported in the literature vary between 0.031 and 0.77 g/L/d, as shown
in Table 4.
3.1.3 Costs in Vertical Photobioreactors
According to Wang et al. (2014), for a 20 L indoor bubble column PBR, the cost of
biomass production was about US$ 431.39 per kg. On the other hand, in a 200 L
outdoor bubble column photobioreactor, the cost to produce 1 kg of dry weight
biomass was US$ 58.69. The estimated cost by the methodology proposed by
Chisti (2013) in 2017 for biomass production is of approximately US$ 445.58 and
US$ 60.63 per kg of dry weight biomass in a 20 L indoor bubble column photobioreactor and a 200 L outdoor bubble column photobioreactor, respectively.
3.1.4 Scaling-up in Vertical Photobioreactors
The vertical tubular photobioreactors are limited to laboratory and pilot scales,
which is attributed to fragility of the material, gas transfer at the top regions of the
Table 4 Biomass productivity in vertical photobioreactors
Microalgae
Photobioreactor Total
volume (L)
Productivity
(g/L/d)
References
Haematococcus
pluvialis
Bubble column 55
0.06
López et al.
(2006)
Chlorella ellipsoidea
Bubble column 6–200
0.03–0.04
Wang et al.
(2014)
Anabaena sp.
Bubble column 9
0.31
López et al.
(2009)
Aphanotece
microscopica Nägueli
Bubble column 3
0.77
Jacob-Lopes et al.
(2009)
Scenedesmus obliquus
Bubble column 2
0.21
Maroneze et al.
(2016)
Chlorella sp.
Airlift
100
0.21
Xu et al. (2002)
Isochrysis galbana
Airlift
1
0.60
Hu and Richmond
(1994)
Chlorella sp.
Airlift
4
0.37
Chiu et al. (2009)
Chlorella sp.
Airlift
1.6
0.25
Lal and Das
(2016)
20
M. M. Maroneze and M. I. Queiroz
Productivities of microalgal biomass in vertical photobioreactors vary with the type
of mode of liquid flow, dimensions, microalgae species, and operating and environmental conditions implemented. The values of productivities in these systems of
production reported in the literature vary between 0.031 and 0.77 g/L/d, as shown
in Table 4.
3.1.3 Costs in Vertical Photobioreactors
According to Wang et al. (2014), for a 20 L indoor bubble column PBR, the cost of
biomass production was about US$ 431.39 per kg. On the other hand, in a 200 L
outdoor bubble column photobioreactor, the cost to produce 1 kg of dry weight
biomass was US$ 58.69. The estimated cost by the methodology proposed by
Chisti (2013) in 2017 for biomass production is of approximately US$ 445.58 and
US$ 60.63 per kg of dry weight biomass in a 20 L indoor bubble column photobioreactor and a 200 L outdoor bubble column photobioreactor, respectively.
3.1.4 Scaling-up in Vertical Photobioreactors
The vertical tubular photobioreactors are limited to laboratory and pilot scales,
which is attributed to fragility of the material, gas transfer at the top regions of the
Table 4 Biomass productivity in vertical photobioreactors
Microalgae
Photobioreactor Total
volume (L)
Productivity
(g/L/d)
References
Haematococcus
pluvialis
Bubble column 55
0.06
López et al.
(2006)
Chlorella ellipsoidea
Bubble column 6–200
0.03–0.04
Wang et al.
(2014)
Anabaena sp.
Bubble column 9
0.31
López et al.
(2009)
Aphanotece
microscopica Nägueli
Bubble column 3
0.77
Jacob-Lopes et al.
(2009)
Scenedesmus obliquus
Bubble column 2
0.21
Maroneze et al.
(2016)
Chlorella sp.
Airlift
100
0.21
Xu et al. (2002)
Isochrysis galbana
Airlift
1
0.60
Hu and Richmond
(1994)
Chlorella sp.
Airlift
4
0.37
Chiu et al. (2009)
Chlorella sp.
Airlift
1.6
0.25
Lal and Das
(2016)
20
M. M. Maroneze and M. I. Queiroz