Table 1
Studies of life cycle assessment in microalgae biofuels
Biofuel
Cultivation system Goal
Unit Funtional NER
GWP (kgCO
2 eq) Water
footprint (m
3
)
References
Biodiesel nd
Lipid extraction
1 kg
5.98–7.10
0
0.23–0.31
Collotta et al. (2017)
Biodiesel nd
Meta-analysis
1 m
3
1.4
−1066–8222
nd
Liu et al. (2012)
Biodiesel Hybrid
Commercial scale
1 ton
31
2137
16.3
Adesanya et al. (2014)
Biodiesel Open ponds
Lipid extraction
1 MJ
1.13–1.82
nd
nd
Jian et al. (2015)
Biodiesel Open ponds
Cultivation
317 GJ
30
 10
4
1.810
4
12
 10
4
Clarens et al. (2010)
Biodiesel Open ponds
Pathway routes
1 MJ
0.33–92.77
0.03–1.32
nd
Dutta et al. (2016)
Ethanol
Open ponds
Biorefinery
1 MJ
1.16–2.64
89.6–233.5
nd
Quiroz-Arita et al. (2017)
Ethanol
Raceway ponds
Solvent purification 1 MJ
0.20–0.55
12.3–29.8
nd
Luo et al. (2010)
nd
not defined
148
M. C. Deprá et al.