Table 5
Examples of biorefineries classified according the different strategies
Target
compound
Substrate
System/conditions
Downstream
processing
Production Scale
Market
situation
Algae
References
Only biofuels
Sugars
(bioethanol)
Residual
biomass
(biocrude)
BG-11 cultivation
medium
Hybrid vertical
flexible films, indoor
and outdoor
conditions
Vapor
compression
steam Stripper
Pilot scale
Marketable
products
distributed by
Algenol
Company
Cyanobacteria
Sterner (2013)
Lipids
(biodiesel)
Residual
biomass
(biomethane)
Post-transesterified
microalgae residues
(Chlorella sp.)
Anaerobic digester
2 L, continuous
stirring at 300 rpm,
semi-continuous fed
Anaerobic
digestion
Laboratory
–
Digester bacteria Ehimen et al.
(2011)
Lipids
(biodiesel)
Bold’s Basal
Medium
Raceway pond,
2000 L, greenhouse
conditions,
semi-continuous
mode
–
Pilot scale
–
Scenedesmus
sp. SCX2
Fernández-Linares
et al. (2017)
Lipids
(biodiesel)
Residual
biomass
(methane)
Liophilized
biomass
–
SCF extraction
with CO
2 ,
anaerobic
digestion
Laboratory
–
Scenedesmus
almeriensis
Hernández et al.
(2014)
Lipids
(biodiesel)
Carbohydrates
(bioethanol)
Codafol 14.6.5
plant fertilizer
Plastic sleeves,
300 L, outdoor
conditions
Cell disruption by
steam explosion
and solvent
extraction with
hexane
Pilot plant
–
Nannochloropsis
gaditana
Nurra et al. (2014)
Lipids
(biodiesel)
Wastewater and gas
emissions from
refinery oil industry
Bubble column
photobioreactor, 2 L
Lipid extraction
by Bling and
Dryer method
Laboratory
–
Aphanothece
microscopica
Nägeli
Jacob-Lopes and
Franco (2013)
(continued)
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