Clark, S., and Edwards, A. J., 1995. Coral transplantation as an aid
to reef rehabilitation: an evaluation of a case study in the Maldive
Islands. Coral Reefs, 14, 201–213.
Dawson-Shepherd, A. R., Warwick, R. M., Clarke, R., and Brown,
B. E., 1992. An analysis of fish community responses to coral
mining in the Maldives. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 33,
367–380.
Dulvy, N. K., Stanwell-Smith, D., Darwall, W. R. T., and Horrill,
C. J., 1995. Coral mining at Mafia Island, Tanzania:
a management dilemma. Ambio, 24, 358–365.
Edwards, A. J., and Clark, S., 1998. Coral transplantation: a useful
management tool or misguided meddling? Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 37, 474–487.
McClanahan, T. R., Sheppard, C. R. C., and Obura, D., 2000. Coral
Reefs of the Indian Ocean; their ecology and conservation.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sluka, R., and Miller, M. W., 1998. Coral mining in the Maldives.
Coral Reefs, 17, 288.
Tomascik, T., Mah, A. J., Nontji, A., and Moosa, M. K., 1997. The
ecology of Indonesian Seas. HongKong: Periplus Editions Ltd.
Cross-references
Coral Reefs of India
Maldives
Reef Restoration
MOATING
Scott Smithers
James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
Definition
Moating is the process of constraining the ebbing tide over
the reef to produce moats in which low tide water levels
remain perched above open water levels (see Moats).
Moating truncates the lower part of each tidal cycle at
an elevation determined by the height (in the tidal frame)
and permeability of the moating structure (Figure 1a).
Moating can occur at any intertidal elevation and may
only be active during the lowest spring tides.
Where moating occurs behind stable and impervious features, like algal rims (see Algal rims) the water level is consistent on every (lower) low tide. In contrast, at mesotidal
locations like the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) open
water spring and neap low tides can differ by > 2 m.
Moating allows some reef biota to survive above their
open water limits, and must be considered when
Moating, Figure 1 (a) shows how moating above the low tide level, modifies the tidal curve and allows intertidal biota to
survive above their open water limits. Moating occurs behind structures like these algal terracettes on the reef flat at Bewick Island,
northern GBR (b).
MOATING
711
to reef rehabilitation: an evaluation of a case study in the Maldive
Islands. Coral Reefs, 14, 201–213.
Dawson-Shepherd, A. R., Warwick, R. M., Clarke, R., and Brown,
B. E., 1992. An analysis of fish community responses to coral
mining in the Maldives. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 33,
367–380.
Dulvy, N. K., Stanwell-Smith, D., Darwall, W. R. T., and Horrill,
C. J., 1995. Coral mining at Mafia Island, Tanzania:
a management dilemma. Ambio, 24, 358–365.
Edwards, A. J., and Clark, S., 1998. Coral transplantation: a useful
management tool or misguided meddling? Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 37, 474–487.
McClanahan, T. R., Sheppard, C. R. C., and Obura, D., 2000. Coral
Reefs of the Indian Ocean; their ecology and conservation.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sluka, R., and Miller, M. W., 1998. Coral mining in the Maldives.
Coral Reefs, 17, 288.
Tomascik, T., Mah, A. J., Nontji, A., and Moosa, M. K., 1997. The
ecology of Indonesian Seas. HongKong: Periplus Editions Ltd.
Cross-references
Coral Reefs of India
Maldives
Reef Restoration
MOATING
Scott Smithers
James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
Definition
Moating is the process of constraining the ebbing tide over
the reef to produce moats in which low tide water levels
remain perched above open water levels (see Moats).
Moating truncates the lower part of each tidal cycle at
an elevation determined by the height (in the tidal frame)
and permeability of the moating structure (Figure 1a).
Moating can occur at any intertidal elevation and may
only be active during the lowest spring tides.
Where moating occurs behind stable and impervious features, like algal rims (see Algal rims) the water level is consistent on every (lower) low tide. In contrast, at mesotidal
locations like the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) open
water spring and neap low tides can differ by > 2 m.
Moating allows some reef biota to survive above their
open water limits, and must be considered when
Moating, Figure 1 (a) shows how moating above the low tide level, modifies the tidal curve and allows intertidal biota to
survive above their open water limits. Moating occurs behind structures like these algal terracettes on the reef flat at Bewick Island,
northern GBR (b).
MOATING
711