Morphology of major terraces is characterized by the
prominent barrier, lagoon, and barrier following streams.
Presence of dense short gullies also characterizes the morphology of terrace risers. Doline is often seen on very
extensive Terrace X and XI. Landslides and related debris
flows, destructing or overlying the coral terraces, also provide characteristics features, many of which can be
regarded by paleoearthquake (Ota et al., 1997).
Bibliography
Chappell, J., 1974. Geology of coral reef terraces, Huon Peninsula,
New Guinea: a study of Quaternary tectonic movements and sealevel changes. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 85,
553–570.
Chappell, J., and Shackleton, N. J., 1986. Oxygen and isotopes and
sea level. Nature, 324, 137–140.
Chappell, J., Omura, A., Esat, T., McCulloch, M., Pandolfi, J., Ota,
Y., and Pillans, B., 1996. Reconciliation of the late Quaternary
sea level derived from coral terraces at Huon Peninsula with
deep sea oxygen isotope records. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 141, 227–236.
Cutler, K. B., Edwards, R. L., Taylor, F. W., Cheng, H., Adkins, J.,
Gallup, C. D., Cutler, P. M., Burr, G. S., and Bloom, A. L., 2003.
Rapid sea-level fall and deep-ocean temperature change since
the last interglacial period. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
206, 253–271.
Ota, Y., and Chappell, J., 1996. Late Quaternary coseismic uplift events
on the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, deduced from coral terrace data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 6071–6082.
Ota, Y., Chappell, J., Kelley, R., Yonekura, N., Matsumoto, E.,
Nishimura, T., and Head, J., 1993. Holocene coral reef terraces
and coseismic uplift of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea.
Quaternary Research, 40, 177–188.
Ota, Y., Chappell, J., Berryman, K., and Okamoto, Y., 1997. Late
Quaternary paleolandslides on the coral terraces of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Geomorphology, 19, 55–76.
Yokoyama, Y., Esat, T. M., and Lambeck, K., 2001. Last glacial sealevel change deduced from uplifted coral terraces of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Quaternary International, 83–85,
275–283.
Cross-references
Emerged Reefs
Pacific Coral Reefs: An Introduction
Uranium Series Dating
HYDRODYNAMICS OF CORAL REEF SYSTEMS
Clifford J. Hearn
Working Science Consultancies, St Petersburg, FL, USA
Synonyms
Coral reef hydrodynamics; Currents on reefs; Water flow
over coral reefs
Definition
Hydrodynamics. The science of water flow and the forces
that cause that flow.
Hydrodynamics of coral reef systems
Water flow in coral reef systems
Coral reef systems are spatially inhomogeneous and consist of an amalgam of sub-systems, which have different
benthos and widely varying geomorphology. These
include the reef, or reefs, one or more lagoons, and regions
of the neighboring ocean that are affected by the reefs. All
Huon Peninsula, P.N.G., Figure 1 View of coral terraces at the Huon Peninsula. (Photo by Ota.)
HYDRODYNAMICS OF CORAL REEF SYSTEMS
563
prominent barrier, lagoon, and barrier following streams.
Presence of dense short gullies also characterizes the morphology of terrace risers. Doline is often seen on very
extensive Terrace X and XI. Landslides and related debris
flows, destructing or overlying the coral terraces, also provide characteristics features, many of which can be
regarded by paleoearthquake (Ota et al., 1997).
Bibliography
Chappell, J., 1974. Geology of coral reef terraces, Huon Peninsula,
New Guinea: a study of Quaternary tectonic movements and sealevel changes. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 85,
553–570.
Chappell, J., and Shackleton, N. J., 1986. Oxygen and isotopes and
sea level. Nature, 324, 137–140.
Chappell, J., Omura, A., Esat, T., McCulloch, M., Pandolfi, J., Ota,
Y., and Pillans, B., 1996. Reconciliation of the late Quaternary
sea level derived from coral terraces at Huon Peninsula with
deep sea oxygen isotope records. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 141, 227–236.
Cutler, K. B., Edwards, R. L., Taylor, F. W., Cheng, H., Adkins, J.,
Gallup, C. D., Cutler, P. M., Burr, G. S., and Bloom, A. L., 2003.
Rapid sea-level fall and deep-ocean temperature change since
the last interglacial period. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
206, 253–271.
Ota, Y., and Chappell, J., 1996. Late Quaternary coseismic uplift events
on the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, deduced from coral terrace data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 6071–6082.
Ota, Y., Chappell, J., Kelley, R., Yonekura, N., Matsumoto, E.,
Nishimura, T., and Head, J., 1993. Holocene coral reef terraces
and coseismic uplift of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea.
Quaternary Research, 40, 177–188.
Ota, Y., Chappell, J., Berryman, K., and Okamoto, Y., 1997. Late
Quaternary paleolandslides on the coral terraces of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Geomorphology, 19, 55–76.
Yokoyama, Y., Esat, T. M., and Lambeck, K., 2001. Last glacial sealevel change deduced from uplifted coral terraces of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Quaternary International, 83–85,
275–283.
Cross-references
Emerged Reefs
Pacific Coral Reefs: An Introduction
Uranium Series Dating
HYDRODYNAMICS OF CORAL REEF SYSTEMS
Clifford J. Hearn
Working Science Consultancies, St Petersburg, FL, USA
Synonyms
Coral reef hydrodynamics; Currents on reefs; Water flow
over coral reefs
Definition
Hydrodynamics. The science of water flow and the forces
that cause that flow.
Hydrodynamics of coral reef systems
Water flow in coral reef systems
Coral reef systems are spatially inhomogeneous and consist of an amalgam of sub-systems, which have different
benthos and widely varying geomorphology. These
include the reef, or reefs, one or more lagoons, and regions
of the neighboring ocean that are affected by the reefs. All
Huon Peninsula, P.N.G., Figure 1 View of coral terraces at the Huon Peninsula. (Photo by Ota.)
HYDRODYNAMICS OF CORAL REEF SYSTEMS
563