Rogers, R. W., 1986. Flowering and fruiting in the flora of Heron
Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Atoll Research Bulletin,
440, 9.
Sachet, M.-H., 1983. Natural history of Mopelia Atoll, Society
Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin, 274, p. 37.
Samosorn, B., and Woodroffe, C. D., 2008. Nearshore wave environments around a sandy cay on a platform reef, Torres Strait,
Australia. Continental Shelf Research, 28, 2257–2274.
Sauer, J. D., 1982. Cayman island seashore vegetation. Geography,
25, 161.
Schofield, J., 1977. Effect of Late Holocene sea-level fall on atoll
development. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics,
20, 531–536.
Sivadas, P., Narayanan, B., and Sivaprasad, K., 1983. An account of
the vegetation of Kavaratti Island, Laccadives. Atoll Research
Bulletin, 266, 1–9.
Spender, M. A., 1930. Island reefs of the Queensland coast. Geographical Journal, 76, 194–214, 273–293.
Spicer, R. E., and Newberry, D. H., 1989. The terrestrial vegetation
of an Indian Ocean coral island: Wilingili, Addu Atoll, Maldive
Islands, 1, Transect analysis of the vegetation. Atoll Research
Bulletin, 231, 1–14.
Steers, J., 1929. The Queensland coast and the Great Barrier Reef.
Geographical Journal, 74, 232–257, 341–370.
Steers, J. A., 1937. The coral islands and associated features of
the Great Barrier Reef. Geographical Journal, 89, 1–28,
119–146.
Steers, J. A., 1938. Detailed notes on the island surveyed and examined by the geographical expedition to the Great Barrier Reef
in 1936. Reports to the Great Barrier Reef Committee, Vol. 4,
pp. 51–96.
Stoddart, D. R., 1965. British Honduras cays and the low wooded
island problem. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36, 131–147.
Stoddart, D. R., 1980. Mangroves as successional stages inner reefs
of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Biogeography, 7,
269–284.
Stoddart, D. R., and Fosberg, F. R., 1972. South Indian sand cays.
Atoll Research Bulletin, 161, 1–16.
Stoddart, D. R., and Fosberg, F. R., 1991. Phytogeography and vegetation of the reef islands of the northern Great Barrier Reef.
Atoll Research Bulletin, 349, 19.
Stoddart, D. R., Fosberg, F. R., and Spellman, D. L., 1982. Cays of
the Belize barrier reef and lagoon. Atoll Research Bulletin, 256,
1–76.
Stoddart, D. R., McLean, R. F., and Hopley, D., 1978a. Geomorphology of reef islands, northern Great Barrier Reef. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 284,
39–61.
Stoddart, D. R., McLean, R. F., Scoffin, T. P., and Gibbs, P. E.,
1978b. Forty-five years of change on low wooded islands, Great
Barrier Reef. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London Series B, 284, 63–80.
Stoddart, D. R., McLean, R. F., Scoffin, T. P., Thom, B. G., and
Hopley, D., 1978c. Evolution of reefs and islands, northern
GreatBarrier Reef: synthesis and interpretation. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 284,
149–159.
Stoddart, D. R., and Steers, J. A., 1977. The nature and origin of
coral reef islands. In Jones, O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.),
Biology and Geology of Coral Reefs, Vol. IV – Geology II,
pp. 59–105.
Stoddart, D. R., and Walsh, R. P. D., 1992. Environmental variability and environmental extremes as factors in island ecosystems.
Atoll Research Bulletin, 356, 71.
Thaman, R. R., 1987. Plants of Kiribati: a listing and analysis of vernacular names. Atoll Research Bulletin, 296, 42.
Tomascik, T., Mah, A. J., Nontji, A., and Moosa, M. K., 1997. The
Ecology of Indonesian Seas, Part 2. Singapore: Periplus Editions, 746 p.
Topp, J. M. W., 1988. An annotated check list of the flora of
Diego Garcia, British Ocean Territory. Atoll Research Bulletin,
313, 19.
Toscano, M. A., and Macintyre, I. G., 2003. Corrected western
Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11,000 years based on calibrated C-14 dates from Acropora palmata framework and intertidal mangrove peat. Coral Reefs, 22, 257–270.
Walker, T. W., Chaloupka, M. Y., and King, B. R., 1991. The vascular floras of Bushy and Redbill Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin,
350(II), 24–30.
Williams, D. G., 1984. Vegetation and flora of the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin, 404, 29.
Woodroffe, C. D., 1995. Mangrove vegetation of Tobacco Range
and nearby mangrove ranges, central Belize Barrier Reef. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 427, 1–35.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2003. Coasts: Form, Process And Evolution.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2005. Late Quaternary sea-level highstands in the
central and eastern Indian Ocean: a review. Global and Planetary Change, 49, 121–138.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2008. Reef-island topography and the vulnerability of atolls to sea level rise. Global and Planetary Change, 62,
77–96.
Woodroffe, C. D., McLean, R. F., Smithers, S. G., and Lawson,
E. M., 1999. Atoll reef-island formation and response to sealevel change: West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Marine
Geology, 160, 85–104.
Woodroffe, C. D., and Morrison, R. J., 2001. Reef-island accretion
and soil development on Makin, Kiribati, central Pacific.
Catena, 44, 245–261.
Woodroffe, C. D., Samosorn, B., Hua, Q., and Hart, D. E., 2007.
Incremental accretion of a sandy reef island over the past 3000
years indicated by component-specific radiocarbon dating. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L03602.
Woodroffe, C. D., and Stoddart, D. R., 1992. Substrate specificity
and episodic catastrophe: constraints on the insular plant geography of Suwarrow Atoll, northern Cook Islands. Atoll Research
Bulletin, 362, 19.
Yamano, H., Miyajima, T., and Koike, I., 2000. Importance of foraminifera for the formation and maintenance of a coral sand cay:
Green Island, Australia. Coral Reefs, 19, 51–58.
Cross-references
Atoll Islands (Motu)
Bassett Edges
Beach Rock
Cay Formation
Climate Change: Impact of Sea Level Rise on Reef Flat Zonation
and Productivity
Climate Change: Impact On Coral Reef Coasts
Coral Cays, Vegetational Succession
Engineering On Coral Reefs With Emphasis On Pacific Reefs
Eolianite
Glacio-Hydro Isostasy
Holocene High Energy Window
Hydrodynamics of Coral Reef Systems
Infrastructure and Reef Islands
Low Wooded Islands
Mangrove Islands
Mid Holocene
Ocean Acidification, Effects on Calcification
Phosphatic Cay Sandstone
Reef Classification by Hopley (1982)
CORAL CAY CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTION
253
Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Atoll Research Bulletin,
440, 9.
Sachet, M.-H., 1983. Natural history of Mopelia Atoll, Society
Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin, 274, p. 37.
Samosorn, B., and Woodroffe, C. D., 2008. Nearshore wave environments around a sandy cay on a platform reef, Torres Strait,
Australia. Continental Shelf Research, 28, 2257–2274.
Sauer, J. D., 1982. Cayman island seashore vegetation. Geography,
25, 161.
Schofield, J., 1977. Effect of Late Holocene sea-level fall on atoll
development. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics,
20, 531–536.
Sivadas, P., Narayanan, B., and Sivaprasad, K., 1983. An account of
the vegetation of Kavaratti Island, Laccadives. Atoll Research
Bulletin, 266, 1–9.
Spender, M. A., 1930. Island reefs of the Queensland coast. Geographical Journal, 76, 194–214, 273–293.
Spicer, R. E., and Newberry, D. H., 1989. The terrestrial vegetation
of an Indian Ocean coral island: Wilingili, Addu Atoll, Maldive
Islands, 1, Transect analysis of the vegetation. Atoll Research
Bulletin, 231, 1–14.
Steers, J., 1929. The Queensland coast and the Great Barrier Reef.
Geographical Journal, 74, 232–257, 341–370.
Steers, J. A., 1937. The coral islands and associated features of
the Great Barrier Reef. Geographical Journal, 89, 1–28,
119–146.
Steers, J. A., 1938. Detailed notes on the island surveyed and examined by the geographical expedition to the Great Barrier Reef
in 1936. Reports to the Great Barrier Reef Committee, Vol. 4,
pp. 51–96.
Stoddart, D. R., 1965. British Honduras cays and the low wooded
island problem. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36, 131–147.
Stoddart, D. R., 1980. Mangroves as successional stages inner reefs
of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Biogeography, 7,
269–284.
Stoddart, D. R., and Fosberg, F. R., 1972. South Indian sand cays.
Atoll Research Bulletin, 161, 1–16.
Stoddart, D. R., and Fosberg, F. R., 1991. Phytogeography and vegetation of the reef islands of the northern Great Barrier Reef.
Atoll Research Bulletin, 349, 19.
Stoddart, D. R., Fosberg, F. R., and Spellman, D. L., 1982. Cays of
the Belize barrier reef and lagoon. Atoll Research Bulletin, 256,
1–76.
Stoddart, D. R., McLean, R. F., and Hopley, D., 1978a. Geomorphology of reef islands, northern Great Barrier Reef. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 284,
39–61.
Stoddart, D. R., McLean, R. F., Scoffin, T. P., and Gibbs, P. E.,
1978b. Forty-five years of change on low wooded islands, Great
Barrier Reef. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London Series B, 284, 63–80.
Stoddart, D. R., McLean, R. F., Scoffin, T. P., Thom, B. G., and
Hopley, D., 1978c. Evolution of reefs and islands, northern
GreatBarrier Reef: synthesis and interpretation. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 284,
149–159.
Stoddart, D. R., and Steers, J. A., 1977. The nature and origin of
coral reef islands. In Jones, O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.),
Biology and Geology of Coral Reefs, Vol. IV – Geology II,
pp. 59–105.
Stoddart, D. R., and Walsh, R. P. D., 1992. Environmental variability and environmental extremes as factors in island ecosystems.
Atoll Research Bulletin, 356, 71.
Thaman, R. R., 1987. Plants of Kiribati: a listing and analysis of vernacular names. Atoll Research Bulletin, 296, 42.
Tomascik, T., Mah, A. J., Nontji, A., and Moosa, M. K., 1997. The
Ecology of Indonesian Seas, Part 2. Singapore: Periplus Editions, 746 p.
Topp, J. M. W., 1988. An annotated check list of the flora of
Diego Garcia, British Ocean Territory. Atoll Research Bulletin,
313, 19.
Toscano, M. A., and Macintyre, I. G., 2003. Corrected western
Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11,000 years based on calibrated C-14 dates from Acropora palmata framework and intertidal mangrove peat. Coral Reefs, 22, 257–270.
Walker, T. W., Chaloupka, M. Y., and King, B. R., 1991. The vascular floras of Bushy and Redbill Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin,
350(II), 24–30.
Williams, D. G., 1984. Vegetation and flora of the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin, 404, 29.
Woodroffe, C. D., 1995. Mangrove vegetation of Tobacco Range
and nearby mangrove ranges, central Belize Barrier Reef. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 427, 1–35.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2003. Coasts: Form, Process And Evolution.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2005. Late Quaternary sea-level highstands in the
central and eastern Indian Ocean: a review. Global and Planetary Change, 49, 121–138.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2008. Reef-island topography and the vulnerability of atolls to sea level rise. Global and Planetary Change, 62,
77–96.
Woodroffe, C. D., McLean, R. F., Smithers, S. G., and Lawson,
E. M., 1999. Atoll reef-island formation and response to sealevel change: West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Marine
Geology, 160, 85–104.
Woodroffe, C. D., and Morrison, R. J., 2001. Reef-island accretion
and soil development on Makin, Kiribati, central Pacific.
Catena, 44, 245–261.
Woodroffe, C. D., Samosorn, B., Hua, Q., and Hart, D. E., 2007.
Incremental accretion of a sandy reef island over the past 3000
years indicated by component-specific radiocarbon dating. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L03602.
Woodroffe, C. D., and Stoddart, D. R., 1992. Substrate specificity
and episodic catastrophe: constraints on the insular plant geography of Suwarrow Atoll, northern Cook Islands. Atoll Research
Bulletin, 362, 19.
Yamano, H., Miyajima, T., and Koike, I., 2000. Importance of foraminifera for the formation and maintenance of a coral sand cay:
Green Island, Australia. Coral Reefs, 19, 51–58.
Cross-references
Atoll Islands (Motu)
Bassett Edges
Beach Rock
Cay Formation
Climate Change: Impact of Sea Level Rise on Reef Flat Zonation
and Productivity
Climate Change: Impact On Coral Reef Coasts
Coral Cays, Vegetational Succession
Engineering On Coral Reefs With Emphasis On Pacific Reefs
Eolianite
Glacio-Hydro Isostasy
Holocene High Energy Window
Hydrodynamics of Coral Reef Systems
Infrastructure and Reef Islands
Low Wooded Islands
Mangrove Islands
Mid Holocene
Ocean Acidification, Effects on Calcification
Phosphatic Cay Sandstone
Reef Classification by Hopley (1982)
CORAL CAY CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTION
253