54
Cubo J, Casinos A (2000) Mechanical properties and chemical composition of avian long bones.
Eur J Morphol 38:112–121
Currey J (2003) The many adaptations of bones. J Biomech 36:1487–1495
Damiens R, Rhee H, Hwang Y et al (2012) Compressive behavior of a turtle’s shell: experiment,
modeling, and simulation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 6:106–112
Daniel JF (1922) The elasmobranch fi shes. University of California Press, Berkeley
Davenport J (1994) How and why do fl ying fi sh fl y? Rev Fish Biol Fish 40:184–214
Davenport J (2003) Allometric constraints on stability and maximum size in fl ying fi shes:
implications for their evolution. J Fish Biol 62:455–463
Davenport J (2005) Swimbladder volume and body density in an armored benthic fi sh, the streaked
gurnard. J Fish Biol 55:527–534
Davis LS, Renner M (2003) Penguins. T&AD Poyser, London
Dawson WR, Bartholomew GA, Bennett AF (1977) A reappraisal of the aquatic specialization of
the Galapagos marine iguana ( Amblyrhynchus cristatus ). Evolution 31:891–897. Republished
with permission of Society for the Study of Evolution; permission conveyed through Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc
de Beer GR, Moy–Thomas JA (1935) On the skull of Holocephali. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B
Biol Sci 224:287–312
de Margerie E (2002) Laminar bone as an adaptation torsional loads in fl apping fl ight. J Anat
201:521–526
de Margerie E, Sanchez S, Cubo J et al (2005) Torsional resistance as a principal component of the
structural design of long bones: comparative multivariate evidence in birds. Anat Rec A 282:49–66
de Margerie E, Tafforeau P, Rakotomanana L (2006) In silico evolution of functional morphology:
a test on bone tissue biomechanics. J R Soc Interface 3:679–687
Decker JD (1967) Motility of the turtle embryo, Chelydra serpentina (Linné). Science 157:952–954
Denison RH (1947) The exoskeleton of Tremataspis . Am J Sci 245:337–365
Denison RH (1975) Evolution and classifi cation of placodermi fi shes. Breviora 432:1–24
Dennison E, Cyrus Cooper C (2011) Osteoporosis in 2010: Building bones and (safely) preventing
breaks. Nat Rev Rheumatol 7:80–82
Diogo R (2007) On the origin and evolution of higher–clades: osteology, myology, phylogeny and
macroevolution of bony fi shes and the rise of tetrapods. Science Publishers, Enfi eld
Diogo R (2008) Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the mandibular, hyoid and
hypobranchial muscles of bony fi sh and tetrapods: a new insight. Anim Biol 58:123–172
Domning DP (2001) The earliest known fully quadrupedal sirenian. Nature 413:625–627
Donley JM et al (2004) Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd., Nature (Donley
JM, Sepulveda CA, Konstantinidis P et al (2004) Convergent evolution in mechanical design of
lamnid sharks and tunas. Nature 429:61–65) copyright (2004)
Donoghue PCJ, Sansom IJ (2002) Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization. Microsc
Res Tech 59:352–372
Downing SW, Salo WL, Spitzer RH et al (1981) The hagfi sh slime gland: a model system for
studying the biology of mucus. Science 214:1143–1145
Dumont ER (2010) Reprinted from Dumont ER (2010) Bone density and the lightweight skeletons
of birds. Proc R Soc B 277:2193–2198, by permission of the Royal Society
Dunson WA (1969) Electrolyte excretion by the salt gland of the Galapagos marine iguana. Am J
Physiol 216:995–1002
Dunson WA (1975) The biology of the sea snakes. University Park Press, Baltimore/London/Tokyo
Dunson WA, Freda J (1985) Water permeability of the skin of the amphibious snakes, Agkistrodon
piscivorus. J Herpetol 19:93–98
Dunson WA, Robinson GD (1976) Sea snake skin: permeable to water but not to sodium. J Comp
Physiol I08:303–311
Dunson WA, Packer RK, Dunson MK (1971) Sea snakes: an unusual salt gland under the tongue.
Science 173:437–441
Durnford CD (1906) Flying fi sh fl ight. Am Nut 40:1–11
1 Introduction
Cubo J, Casinos A (2000) Mechanical properties and chemical composition of avian long bones.
Eur J Morphol 38:112–121
Currey J (2003) The many adaptations of bones. J Biomech 36:1487–1495
Damiens R, Rhee H, Hwang Y et al (2012) Compressive behavior of a turtle’s shell: experiment,
modeling, and simulation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 6:106–112
Daniel JF (1922) The elasmobranch fi shes. University of California Press, Berkeley
Davenport J (1994) How and why do fl ying fi sh fl y? Rev Fish Biol Fish 40:184–214
Davenport J (2003) Allometric constraints on stability and maximum size in fl ying fi shes:
implications for their evolution. J Fish Biol 62:455–463
Davenport J (2005) Swimbladder volume and body density in an armored benthic fi sh, the streaked
gurnard. J Fish Biol 55:527–534
Davis LS, Renner M (2003) Penguins. T&AD Poyser, London
Dawson WR, Bartholomew GA, Bennett AF (1977) A reappraisal of the aquatic specialization of
the Galapagos marine iguana ( Amblyrhynchus cristatus ). Evolution 31:891–897. Republished
with permission of Society for the Study of Evolution; permission conveyed through Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc
de Beer GR, Moy–Thomas JA (1935) On the skull of Holocephali. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B
Biol Sci 224:287–312
de Margerie E (2002) Laminar bone as an adaptation torsional loads in fl apping fl ight. J Anat
201:521–526
de Margerie E, Sanchez S, Cubo J et al (2005) Torsional resistance as a principal component of the
structural design of long bones: comparative multivariate evidence in birds. Anat Rec A 282:49–66
de Margerie E, Tafforeau P, Rakotomanana L (2006) In silico evolution of functional morphology:
a test on bone tissue biomechanics. J R Soc Interface 3:679–687
Decker JD (1967) Motility of the turtle embryo, Chelydra serpentina (Linné). Science 157:952–954
Denison RH (1947) The exoskeleton of Tremataspis . Am J Sci 245:337–365
Denison RH (1975) Evolution and classifi cation of placodermi fi shes. Breviora 432:1–24
Dennison E, Cyrus Cooper C (2011) Osteoporosis in 2010: Building bones and (safely) preventing
breaks. Nat Rev Rheumatol 7:80–82
Diogo R (2007) On the origin and evolution of higher–clades: osteology, myology, phylogeny and
macroevolution of bony fi shes and the rise of tetrapods. Science Publishers, Enfi eld
Diogo R (2008) Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the mandibular, hyoid and
hypobranchial muscles of bony fi sh and tetrapods: a new insight. Anim Biol 58:123–172
Domning DP (2001) The earliest known fully quadrupedal sirenian. Nature 413:625–627
Donley JM et al (2004) Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd., Nature (Donley
JM, Sepulveda CA, Konstantinidis P et al (2004) Convergent evolution in mechanical design of
lamnid sharks and tunas. Nature 429:61–65) copyright (2004)
Donoghue PCJ, Sansom IJ (2002) Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization. Microsc
Res Tech 59:352–372
Downing SW, Salo WL, Spitzer RH et al (1981) The hagfi sh slime gland: a model system for
studying the biology of mucus. Science 214:1143–1145
Dumont ER (2010) Reprinted from Dumont ER (2010) Bone density and the lightweight skeletons
of birds. Proc R Soc B 277:2193–2198, by permission of the Royal Society
Dunson WA (1969) Electrolyte excretion by the salt gland of the Galapagos marine iguana. Am J
Physiol 216:995–1002
Dunson WA (1975) The biology of the sea snakes. University Park Press, Baltimore/London/Tokyo
Dunson WA, Freda J (1985) Water permeability of the skin of the amphibious snakes, Agkistrodon
piscivorus. J Herpetol 19:93–98
Dunson WA, Robinson GD (1976) Sea snake skin: permeable to water but not to sodium. J Comp
Physiol I08:303–311
Dunson WA, Packer RK, Dunson MK (1971) Sea snakes: an unusual salt gland under the tongue.
Science 173:437–441
Durnford CD (1906) Flying fi sh fl ight. Am Nut 40:1–11
1 Introduction