334
the appropriate dose of sDNA for in vivo study was determined to be at a ratio of
1:10. For the implantation in full-thickness skin defects in the rat dorsal region, the
sDNA/SC fi lms were reinforced by incorporating them on a porous SC sponge,
because the sDNA/SC fi lms exhibited early contraction and inadequate morphologic stability when implanted in vivo . The regenerated tissue in the sDNA/SC
sponge group showed similar morphology to native dermis. Meanwhile, the SC
sponge group without sDNA showed epithelial overgrowth, indicating that additional sDNA could reduce epidermal overgrowth. Furthermore, blood capillary
formation was significantly enhanced in the sDNA/SC sponge group when
compared to the SC sponge group. In conclusion, the results suggest that the
sDNA/SC composite could be a potential wound dressing for clinical applications,”
(Shen et al. 2008 ).
Several studies were dedicated to the infl ammatory response of different fi sh collagen specimens. Previously, it was shown that collagen is responsible for the activation of professional phagocytes of the marine gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata )
(Castillo-Briceño et al. 2009 ). Recently, attention was paid to fi broblasts which are
involved in the initiation of tissue regeneration including wound repair. Therefore,
Castillo-Briceño and co-workers ( 2011 ) used “SAF-1 cells (gilthead seabream
fi broblasts) to identify the binding motifs in collagen by end-point and real-time cell
adhesion assays using the collagen peptides and Toolkits. The authors identifi ed the
collagen motifs involved in the early magnesium-dependent adhesion of these cells.
Furthermore, it was found that peptides containing the GFOGER and GLOGEN
motifs (where O is hydroxyproline) present high affi nity for SAF-1 adhesion,
expressed as both cell number and surface covering. In cell suspensions, these
motifs were also able to induce the expression of the genes encoding the proinfl ammatory molecules interleukin-1β and cyclooxygenase-2. These data suggest that
specifi c collagen motifs are involved in the regulation of the infl ammatory and healing responses of teleost fi sh,” (Castillo-Briceño et al. 2011 ).
Fish collagen has also been developed in other physical forms like sheet (Sankar
et al. 2008 ), or vascular graft (Nagai et al. 2008b ). A very interesting form of collagen in a biomaterial – the cornea from tuna fi sh – was reported by Parravicini et al.
( 2012 ). Among available biomaterials, the cornea is almost completely devoid of
cells and is composed only of collagen fi bers oriented in an orderly pattern, which
contributes to low antigenicity. Thunnus thynnus , the Atlantic bluefi n tuna, is a fi sh
with large eyes that can withstand pressures of approximately 10 MPa. Eyes from
freshly caught Atlantic bluefi n tuna were harvested and preserved in a fi xative solution. Sterilized samples of corneal stroma were embedded in paraffi n and stained
with hematoxylin and eosin, and the histologic features were studied. Physical and
mechanical resistance tests were performed in comparison with bovine pericardial
strips and porcine mitral valves. Corneal material was implanted subcutaneously
in seven rats, to evaluate in vivo calcifi cation rates. Mitral valves made from
tuna corneal leafl ets were implanted in nine sheep. It was found that the corneal
tissue consisted only of parallel collagen fi bers without evidence of vascular or
neural structures. In tensile strength, the tuna corneal specimens were substantially
8 Marine Collagens
the appropriate dose of sDNA for in vivo study was determined to be at a ratio of
1:10. For the implantation in full-thickness skin defects in the rat dorsal region, the
sDNA/SC fi lms were reinforced by incorporating them on a porous SC sponge,
because the sDNA/SC fi lms exhibited early contraction and inadequate morphologic stability when implanted in vivo . The regenerated tissue in the sDNA/SC
sponge group showed similar morphology to native dermis. Meanwhile, the SC
sponge group without sDNA showed epithelial overgrowth, indicating that additional sDNA could reduce epidermal overgrowth. Furthermore, blood capillary
formation was significantly enhanced in the sDNA/SC sponge group when
compared to the SC sponge group. In conclusion, the results suggest that the
sDNA/SC composite could be a potential wound dressing for clinical applications,”
(Shen et al. 2008 ).
Several studies were dedicated to the infl ammatory response of different fi sh collagen specimens. Previously, it was shown that collagen is responsible for the activation of professional phagocytes of the marine gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata )
(Castillo-Briceño et al. 2009 ). Recently, attention was paid to fi broblasts which are
involved in the initiation of tissue regeneration including wound repair. Therefore,
Castillo-Briceño and co-workers ( 2011 ) used “SAF-1 cells (gilthead seabream
fi broblasts) to identify the binding motifs in collagen by end-point and real-time cell
adhesion assays using the collagen peptides and Toolkits. The authors identifi ed the
collagen motifs involved in the early magnesium-dependent adhesion of these cells.
Furthermore, it was found that peptides containing the GFOGER and GLOGEN
motifs (where O is hydroxyproline) present high affi nity for SAF-1 adhesion,
expressed as both cell number and surface covering. In cell suspensions, these
motifs were also able to induce the expression of the genes encoding the proinfl ammatory molecules interleukin-1β and cyclooxygenase-2. These data suggest that
specifi c collagen motifs are involved in the regulation of the infl ammatory and healing responses of teleost fi sh,” (Castillo-Briceño et al. 2011 ).
Fish collagen has also been developed in other physical forms like sheet (Sankar
et al. 2008 ), or vascular graft (Nagai et al. 2008b ). A very interesting form of collagen in a biomaterial – the cornea from tuna fi sh – was reported by Parravicini et al.
( 2012 ). Among available biomaterials, the cornea is almost completely devoid of
cells and is composed only of collagen fi bers oriented in an orderly pattern, which
contributes to low antigenicity. Thunnus thynnus , the Atlantic bluefi n tuna, is a fi sh
with large eyes that can withstand pressures of approximately 10 MPa. Eyes from
freshly caught Atlantic bluefi n tuna were harvested and preserved in a fi xative solution. Sterilized samples of corneal stroma were embedded in paraffi n and stained
with hematoxylin and eosin, and the histologic features were studied. Physical and
mechanical resistance tests were performed in comparison with bovine pericardial
strips and porcine mitral valves. Corneal material was implanted subcutaneously
in seven rats, to evaluate in vivo calcifi cation rates. Mitral valves made from
tuna corneal leafl ets were implanted in nine sheep. It was found that the corneal
tissue consisted only of parallel collagen fi bers without evidence of vascular or
neural structures. In tensile strength, the tuna corneal specimens were substantially
8 Marine Collagens