Glossary
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of the eukaryotes as mitochondria and plastids were derived from endosymbiotic
organisms captured by ancestral eukaryotic cells.
Epitope Region of a protein or peptide recognised by an antibody.
eQTL expression Quantitative Trait Loci; the transcriptome is associated with
thousands of expression traits (see also QTL).
EST Expressed Sequence Tag. For a gene expression analysis, it is possible to
extract the mRNA from a cell, translate it into cDNA and sequence the cDNA
from either one or both ends. The reads are called ESTs. EST data may contain
sequencing errors.
FISH Fluorescence in situ hybridisation.
Fosmid A cloning system based on the E. coli F factor. These clones have an
average insert size of 40 Kbp, with a very small standard deviation.
Gametophyte In plants and algae that undergo alternation of generations, a
gametophyte is the multicellular generation that produces gametes.
Gene chip Thousands of sequences are individually attached (spotted) onto a
small glass slide (typically the size of a microscope slide). Each spot on the
slide represents a gene sequence. These can be screened to generate expression
profiles of a cell, tissue or organism(s) under different conditions. Also called a
microarray.
Gene knockdown Refers to techniques such as RNAinterference by which the
expression of a gene is reduced.
Gene library Collection of pieces of DNA or cDNA cloned into artificial vectors,
which can be replicated, sequenced and screened.
Gene repertoire the set of genes (or gene families) encoded in the genome of an
organism.
Genetic hitch-hiking A process by which an allele or mutation may spread
through the gene pool because it is closely linked to a gene that is being selected for.
Genome All the genetic material of an organism.
Genomics the study of the structure and function of genomes (see genome).
GOS Global Ocean Sampling.
GSC Genomic Standards Consortium.
GUI Graphical user interface. A common means of interaction between humans
and computers, which uses graphical representations of data and offers user
interaction via pointing devices (e.g. a mouse).
HMMs Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) allow the integration of diverse sequence
features into a coherent, probabilistic framework. For the task of gene identification,
381
of the eukaryotes as mitochondria and plastids were derived from endosymbiotic
organisms captured by ancestral eukaryotic cells.
Epitope Region of a protein or peptide recognised by an antibody.
eQTL expression Quantitative Trait Loci; the transcriptome is associated with
thousands of expression traits (see also QTL).
EST Expressed Sequence Tag. For a gene expression analysis, it is possible to
extract the mRNA from a cell, translate it into cDNA and sequence the cDNA
from either one or both ends. The reads are called ESTs. EST data may contain
sequencing errors.
FISH Fluorescence in situ hybridisation.
Fosmid A cloning system based on the E. coli F factor. These clones have an
average insert size of 40 Kbp, with a very small standard deviation.
Gametophyte In plants and algae that undergo alternation of generations, a
gametophyte is the multicellular generation that produces gametes.
Gene chip Thousands of sequences are individually attached (spotted) onto a
small glass slide (typically the size of a microscope slide). Each spot on the
slide represents a gene sequence. These can be screened to generate expression
profiles of a cell, tissue or organism(s) under different conditions. Also called a
microarray.
Gene knockdown Refers to techniques such as RNAinterference by which the
expression of a gene is reduced.
Gene library Collection of pieces of DNA or cDNA cloned into artificial vectors,
which can be replicated, sequenced and screened.
Gene repertoire the set of genes (or gene families) encoded in the genome of an
organism.
Genetic hitch-hiking A process by which an allele or mutation may spread
through the gene pool because it is closely linked to a gene that is being selected for.
Genome All the genetic material of an organism.
Genomics the study of the structure and function of genomes (see genome).
GOS Global Ocean Sampling.
GSC Genomic Standards Consortium.
GUI Graphical user interface. A common means of interaction between humans
and computers, which uses graphical representations of data and offers user
interaction via pointing devices (e.g. a mouse).
HMMs Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) allow the integration of diverse sequence
features into a coherent, probabilistic framework. For the task of gene identification,