Glossary
2R hypothesis hypothesis suggesting that the genomes of the early vertebrate lineage underwent two rounds of whole-genome duplications, reflected e.g. by the
existence of 4 remnants of Hox clusters.
Accession number An identifier supplied by the curators of the major biological
databases upon submission of a novel entry (usually sequence data) that uniquely
identifies that database entry.
AFLP This technique produces DNA fragments that are separated by size (length
of sequence) using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or capillary sequencers.
Bands at a particular site on the gel (equivalent to alleles) are counted as being
present or absent for the analysis.
Algae all photosynthetic eukaryotes other than land plants.
Algal bloom rapid multiplication of one or a small number of algal species. In
some cases the algae are toxic.
Alignment overview of both differences and similarities between two or more
DNA, RNA or protein sequences created by aligning residues that are putatively
homologous. Gaps may be introduced to optimally align the sequences.
AMD Acid Mine Drainage.
API Application Programming Interface.
BAC bacterial artificial chromosome. a cloning vector carrying up to 300 kbp of
insert sequence.
Barcoding A specific piece of DNA (usually part of the mitochondrial cytochrome
c oxidase sub unit I gene) is sequenced many times from different species.
There are sufficient interspecies differences in this gene, for the sequence of
DNA to act as a unique code for a species and therefore be used as a
taxonomic aid.
Bioinformatics The application of information technology to the field of molecular
biology.
379
J.M. Cock et al. (eds.), Introduction to Marine Genomics,
Advances in Marine Genomics 1, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8639-6,
C
Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010
2R hypothesis hypothesis suggesting that the genomes of the early vertebrate lineage underwent two rounds of whole-genome duplications, reflected e.g. by the
existence of 4 remnants of Hox clusters.
Accession number An identifier supplied by the curators of the major biological
databases upon submission of a novel entry (usually sequence data) that uniquely
identifies that database entry.
AFLP This technique produces DNA fragments that are separated by size (length
of sequence) using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or capillary sequencers.
Bands at a particular site on the gel (equivalent to alleles) are counted as being
present or absent for the analysis.
Algae all photosynthetic eukaryotes other than land plants.
Algal bloom rapid multiplication of one or a small number of algal species. In
some cases the algae are toxic.
Alignment overview of both differences and similarities between two or more
DNA, RNA or protein sequences created by aligning residues that are putatively
homologous. Gaps may be introduced to optimally align the sequences.
AMD Acid Mine Drainage.
API Application Programming Interface.
BAC bacterial artificial chromosome. a cloning vector carrying up to 300 kbp of
insert sequence.
Barcoding A specific piece of DNA (usually part of the mitochondrial cytochrome
c oxidase sub unit I gene) is sequenced many times from different species.
There are sufficient interspecies differences in this gene, for the sequence of
DNA to act as a unique code for a species and therefore be used as a
taxonomic aid.
Bioinformatics The application of information technology to the field of molecular
biology.
379
J.M. Cock et al. (eds.), Introduction to Marine Genomics,
Advances in Marine Genomics 1, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8639-6,
C
Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010