Kirchner WB, Grabowski S (1972) Manganese in lacustrine ecosystems: a review. Am Water
Resour Assoc 8:1259–1264
Krishnan KP, Fernandes SO, Chandan GS, Loka Bharathi PA (2007) Bacterial contribution to
mitigation of iron and manganese in mangrove sediments. Mar Pollut Bull 54:1427–1433
Krishnan KP, Sinha RK, Krishna K, Nair S, Singh SM (2009) Microbially mediated redox
transformations of manganese (II) along with some other trace elements: a study from
Antarctic lakes. Polar Biol 32:1765–1778
Larsen EI, Sly LI, McEwan AG (1999) Manganese(II) adsorption and oxidation by whole cells and
a membrane fraction of Pedomicrobium sp. ACM 3067. Arch Microbiol 171:257–264
Layton AC, Karanth PN, Lajoie CA, Meyers AJ, Gregory IR, Stapleton RD, Taylor DE, Sayler GS
(2000) Quantification of Hyphomicrobium populations in activated sludge from an industrial
wastewater treatment system as determined by 16S rRNA analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol
66:1167–1174
Lidstrom ME, Engebrecht J, Nealson KH (1983) Evidence for plasmid-encoded manganese
oxidation in a marine pseudomonad. FEMS Microbiol Lett 19:1–6
Lieser SA, Davis TC, Helmann JD, Cohen SM (2003) DNA-binding and oligomerization studies
of the manganese(II) metalloregulatory protein MntR from Bacillus subtilis. Biochemistry
42:12634–12642
Lowenstam HA (1981) Minerals formed by organisms. Science 211:1126–1131
Maki JS, Tebo BM, Palmer FE, Nealson KH, Staley JT (1987) The abundance and biological
activity of manganese-oxidizing bacteria and Metallogenium-like morphotypes in Lake
Washington, USA. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 45:21–29
Mandernack KW, Tebo BM (1993) Manganese scavenging and oxidation at hydrothermal vents
and in vent plumes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:3907–3923
Mandernack KW, Post J, Tebo BM (1995) Manganese mineral formation by bacterial-spores of
the marine Bacillus, SG-1: evidence for the direct oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV). Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 59:4393–4408
Mann S, Sparks NHC, Scott GHE, de Vrind-de Jong EW (1988) Oxidation of manganese and
formation of Mn 3 O 4 (Hausmannite) by spore coats of a Marine Bacillus sp. Appl Environ
Microbiol 54:2140–2143
Mayhew LE, Swanner ED, Martin AP, Templeton AS (2008) Phylogenetic relationships and
functional genes: distribution of gene (mnxG) encoding a putative manganese-oxidizing
enzyme in Bacillus species. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:7265–7271
Mills VH, Randles CI (1979) Manganese oxidation in Sphaerotilus discophorus particles. J Gen
Appl Microbiol 25:205–207
Miyata N, Tani Y, Sakata M, Iwahori K (2007) Microbial manganese oxide formation and
interaction with toxic metal ions. J Biosci Bioeng 104:1–8
Moore CM, Helmann JD (2005) Metal ion homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis. Curr Opin Microbiol
8:188–195
Moore WS, Reid DF (1973) Extraction of radium from natural waters using manganeseimpregnated acrylic fibers. J Geophys Res 78:8880–8886
Mouchet P (1992) From conventional to biological removal of iron and manganese in France.
J Am Water Works Assoc 84:158–167
Moy YP, Neilan BA, Foster LJR, Madgwick JC, Rogers PL (2003) Screening, identification and
kinetic characterization of a bacterium for Mn(II) uptake and oxidation. Biotechnol Lett
25:1407–1413
Murray KJ, Tebo BM (2007) Cr(III) is indirectly oxidized by the Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium
Bacillus sp strain SG-1. Environ Sci Technol 41:528–533
Nealson KH (1983) The microbial manganese cycle. In: Krumbein WE (ed) Microbial geochemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 191–221
Nealson KH, Myers CR (1992) Microbial reduction of manganese and iron: new approaches to
carbon cycling. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:439–443
Nealson KH, Tebo BM, Rosson RA (1988) Occurrence and mechanisms of microbial oxidation of
manganese. Adv Appl Microbiol 33:279–318
72
P.P. Sujith and P.A. Loka Bharathi
Resour Assoc 8:1259–1264
Krishnan KP, Fernandes SO, Chandan GS, Loka Bharathi PA (2007) Bacterial contribution to
mitigation of iron and manganese in mangrove sediments. Mar Pollut Bull 54:1427–1433
Krishnan KP, Sinha RK, Krishna K, Nair S, Singh SM (2009) Microbially mediated redox
transformations of manganese (II) along with some other trace elements: a study from
Antarctic lakes. Polar Biol 32:1765–1778
Larsen EI, Sly LI, McEwan AG (1999) Manganese(II) adsorption and oxidation by whole cells and
a membrane fraction of Pedomicrobium sp. ACM 3067. Arch Microbiol 171:257–264
Layton AC, Karanth PN, Lajoie CA, Meyers AJ, Gregory IR, Stapleton RD, Taylor DE, Sayler GS
(2000) Quantification of Hyphomicrobium populations in activated sludge from an industrial
wastewater treatment system as determined by 16S rRNA analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol
66:1167–1174
Lidstrom ME, Engebrecht J, Nealson KH (1983) Evidence for plasmid-encoded manganese
oxidation in a marine pseudomonad. FEMS Microbiol Lett 19:1–6
Lieser SA, Davis TC, Helmann JD, Cohen SM (2003) DNA-binding and oligomerization studies
of the manganese(II) metalloregulatory protein MntR from Bacillus subtilis. Biochemistry
42:12634–12642
Lowenstam HA (1981) Minerals formed by organisms. Science 211:1126–1131
Maki JS, Tebo BM, Palmer FE, Nealson KH, Staley JT (1987) The abundance and biological
activity of manganese-oxidizing bacteria and Metallogenium-like morphotypes in Lake
Washington, USA. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 45:21–29
Mandernack KW, Tebo BM (1993) Manganese scavenging and oxidation at hydrothermal vents
and in vent plumes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:3907–3923
Mandernack KW, Post J, Tebo BM (1995) Manganese mineral formation by bacterial-spores of
the marine Bacillus, SG-1: evidence for the direct oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV). Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 59:4393–4408
Mann S, Sparks NHC, Scott GHE, de Vrind-de Jong EW (1988) Oxidation of manganese and
formation of Mn 3 O 4 (Hausmannite) by spore coats of a Marine Bacillus sp. Appl Environ
Microbiol 54:2140–2143
Mayhew LE, Swanner ED, Martin AP, Templeton AS (2008) Phylogenetic relationships and
functional genes: distribution of gene (mnxG) encoding a putative manganese-oxidizing
enzyme in Bacillus species. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:7265–7271
Mills VH, Randles CI (1979) Manganese oxidation in Sphaerotilus discophorus particles. J Gen
Appl Microbiol 25:205–207
Miyata N, Tani Y, Sakata M, Iwahori K (2007) Microbial manganese oxide formation and
interaction with toxic metal ions. J Biosci Bioeng 104:1–8
Moore CM, Helmann JD (2005) Metal ion homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis. Curr Opin Microbiol
8:188–195
Moore WS, Reid DF (1973) Extraction of radium from natural waters using manganeseimpregnated acrylic fibers. J Geophys Res 78:8880–8886
Mouchet P (1992) From conventional to biological removal of iron and manganese in France.
J Am Water Works Assoc 84:158–167
Moy YP, Neilan BA, Foster LJR, Madgwick JC, Rogers PL (2003) Screening, identification and
kinetic characterization of a bacterium for Mn(II) uptake and oxidation. Biotechnol Lett
25:1407–1413
Murray KJ, Tebo BM (2007) Cr(III) is indirectly oxidized by the Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium
Bacillus sp strain SG-1. Environ Sci Technol 41:528–533
Nealson KH (1983) The microbial manganese cycle. In: Krumbein WE (ed) Microbial geochemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 191–221
Nealson KH, Myers CR (1992) Microbial reduction of manganese and iron: new approaches to
carbon cycling. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:439–443
Nealson KH, Tebo BM, Rosson RA (1988) Occurrence and mechanisms of microbial oxidation of
manganese. Adv Appl Microbiol 33:279–318
72
P.P. Sujith and P.A. Loka Bharathi