metal when competitive metal ions are in excess is still not fully understood. What
is known at present is that the compartmentalization of protein during folding
regulates the binding of correct metal. Therefore, the production and utilization
of biogenic Mn oxide nanoparticle in biotechnology requires further understanding
about the molecular mechanism of Mn oxidation.
Acknowledgments We thank the Director, NIO for providing the required facilities to conduct
this research work. The work has been carried out under the project “Preliminary exploration of
cobalt-rich seamount crusts in the northern Indian Ocean” funded by the Ministry of Earth
Sciences (Government of India) lead by Dr. V.K. Banakar. SPP wishes to thank Dr. M.P. Tapaswi
for continuous support with required literature for reference and also acknowledges the Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi-India, for the award of Senior Research Fellowship.
This manuscript has NIO contribution No 5005.
References
Adams LF, Ghiorse WC (1986) Physiology and ultrastructure of Leptothrix discophora SS-1. Arch
Microbiol 145:126–135
Adams LF, Ghiorse WC (1987) Characterization of an extracellular Mn
2+ -oxidizing activity and
isolation of Mn
2+ -oxidizing protein from Leptothrix discophora SS-1. J Bacteriol 169:
1279–1285
Adams LF, Ghiorse WC (1988) Oxidation state of Mn in the Mn oxide produced by Leptothrix
discophora SS-1. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:2073–2076
Ali SH, Stokes JL (1971) Stimulation of heterotrophic and autotrophic growth of Sphaerotilus
discophorus by manganous ions. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 37:519–528
Anderson CR, Dick GJ, Chu ML, Cho JC, Davis RE, Br€ auer SL, Tebo BM (2009a) Aurantimonas
manganoxydans, sp. nov. and Aurantimonas litoralis, sp. nov.: Mn(II) oxidizing representatives of a globally distributed clade of alpha-Proteobacteria from the order Rhizobiales.
Geomicrobiol J 26:189–198
Anderson CR, Johnson HA, Caputo N, Davis RE, Torpey JW, Tebo BM (2009b) Mn(II) oxidation
is catalyzed by heme peroxidases in “Aurantimonas manganoxydans” Strain SI85-9A1 and
Erythrobacter sp. Strain SD-21. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:4130–4138
Antony R, Sujith PP, Fernandes SO, Verma P, Khedekar VD, Loka Bharathi PA (2010) Cobalt
immobilization by manganese oxidizing bacteria from Indian Ridge System. Curr Microbiol
62:840–849
Appanna VD (1988) Stimulation of exopolysaccharide production in Rhizobium meliloti JJ-1 by
manganese. Biotechnol Lett 10:205–206
Appanna VD, Gazso LG, St. Pierre M (1996) Multiple-metal tolerance in Pseudomonas
fluorescens and its biotechnological significance. J Biotechnol 52:75–80
Archibald F (1986) Manganese: its acquisition by and function in the lactic acid bacteria. Crit Rev
Microbiol 13:63–109
Arcuri EJ, Ehrlich HL (1979) Cytochrome involvement in Mn(II) oxidation by two marine
bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 37:916–923
Arcuri EJ, Ehrlich HL (1980) Electron transfer coupled to Mn(II) oxidation in two deep-sea pacific
ocean isolates. In: Trudinger PA, Walter MR, Ralph BJ (eds) Biogeochemistry of ancient and
modern environments. Springer, New York, pp 339–344
Babich H, Stotzky G (1983) Influence of chemical speciation on the toxicity of heavy metals
to the microbiota. In: Nriagu JO (ed) Aquatic toxicology. Wiley Interscience, New York,
pp 1–46
3 Manganese Oxidation by Bacteria: Biogeochemical Aspects
67
is known at present is that the compartmentalization of protein during folding
regulates the binding of correct metal. Therefore, the production and utilization
of biogenic Mn oxide nanoparticle in biotechnology requires further understanding
about the molecular mechanism of Mn oxidation.
Acknowledgments We thank the Director, NIO for providing the required facilities to conduct
this research work. The work has been carried out under the project “Preliminary exploration of
cobalt-rich seamount crusts in the northern Indian Ocean” funded by the Ministry of Earth
Sciences (Government of India) lead by Dr. V.K. Banakar. SPP wishes to thank Dr. M.P. Tapaswi
for continuous support with required literature for reference and also acknowledges the Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi-India, for the award of Senior Research Fellowship.
This manuscript has NIO contribution No 5005.
References
Adams LF, Ghiorse WC (1986) Physiology and ultrastructure of Leptothrix discophora SS-1. Arch
Microbiol 145:126–135
Adams LF, Ghiorse WC (1987) Characterization of an extracellular Mn
2+ -oxidizing activity and
isolation of Mn
2+ -oxidizing protein from Leptothrix discophora SS-1. J Bacteriol 169:
1279–1285
Adams LF, Ghiorse WC (1988) Oxidation state of Mn in the Mn oxide produced by Leptothrix
discophora SS-1. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:2073–2076
Ali SH, Stokes JL (1971) Stimulation of heterotrophic and autotrophic growth of Sphaerotilus
discophorus by manganous ions. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 37:519–528
Anderson CR, Dick GJ, Chu ML, Cho JC, Davis RE, Br€ auer SL, Tebo BM (2009a) Aurantimonas
manganoxydans, sp. nov. and Aurantimonas litoralis, sp. nov.: Mn(II) oxidizing representatives of a globally distributed clade of alpha-Proteobacteria from the order Rhizobiales.
Geomicrobiol J 26:189–198
Anderson CR, Johnson HA, Caputo N, Davis RE, Torpey JW, Tebo BM (2009b) Mn(II) oxidation
is catalyzed by heme peroxidases in “Aurantimonas manganoxydans” Strain SI85-9A1 and
Erythrobacter sp. Strain SD-21. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:4130–4138
Antony R, Sujith PP, Fernandes SO, Verma P, Khedekar VD, Loka Bharathi PA (2010) Cobalt
immobilization by manganese oxidizing bacteria from Indian Ridge System. Curr Microbiol
62:840–849
Appanna VD (1988) Stimulation of exopolysaccharide production in Rhizobium meliloti JJ-1 by
manganese. Biotechnol Lett 10:205–206
Appanna VD, Gazso LG, St. Pierre M (1996) Multiple-metal tolerance in Pseudomonas
fluorescens and its biotechnological significance. J Biotechnol 52:75–80
Archibald F (1986) Manganese: its acquisition by and function in the lactic acid bacteria. Crit Rev
Microbiol 13:63–109
Arcuri EJ, Ehrlich HL (1979) Cytochrome involvement in Mn(II) oxidation by two marine
bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 37:916–923
Arcuri EJ, Ehrlich HL (1980) Electron transfer coupled to Mn(II) oxidation in two deep-sea pacific
ocean isolates. In: Trudinger PA, Walter MR, Ralph BJ (eds) Biogeochemistry of ancient and
modern environments. Springer, New York, pp 339–344
Babich H, Stotzky G (1983) Influence of chemical speciation on the toxicity of heavy metals
to the microbiota. In: Nriagu JO (ed) Aquatic toxicology. Wiley Interscience, New York,
pp 1–46
3 Manganese Oxidation by Bacteria: Biogeochemical Aspects
67