Chapter 6
Principles of Calcium-Based Biomineralization
Qingling Feng
Contents
6.1 Calcium-Based Biominerals in Aquatic Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6.1.1 Calcium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6.1.2 Calcium Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
6.2 Hierarchical Structure of Calcium Carbonate-Based
Biomineral in Aquatic Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
6.2.1 Carp Otolith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
6.2.2 Hierarchical Structure of Nacreous Layer in Mollusc Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
6.2.3 Lackluster Pearl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
6.2.4 Crab (Meyers et al. 2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
6.3 Hierarchical Structure of Calcium Phosphate-Based Biomineral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
6.3.1 Zebrafish Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
6.3.2 Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
6.4 Study on the Principles of Calcium Carbonate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
6.4.1 Effects of Additives on Calcium Carbonate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 170
6.4.2 Effects of Templates on Calcium Carbonate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
6.5 Principles of Calcium Phosphate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
6.5.1 Collagen-Induced Calcium Phosphate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
6.5.2 Peptide–Amphiphilic Nanofibers-Induced Calcium
Phosphate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Abstract The chapter provides some basic information on the formation principles
of calcium carbonate in biological systems in marine environment in the point of
view of materials science in order to provide strategies for biomimetic design and
preparation of new functional materials. Many researchers try to explain the
principles of biomineralization and get some valuable conclusions. This chapter
introduces some calcium-based biominerals in aquatic organisms which mainly
Q. Feng (*)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
e-mail: biomater@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
W.E.G. M€ uller (ed.), Molecular Biomineralization, Progress in Molecular
and Subcellular Biology 52, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-21230-7_6,
# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
141
Principles of Calcium-Based Biomineralization
Qingling Feng
Contents
6.1 Calcium-Based Biominerals in Aquatic Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6.1.1 Calcium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6.1.2 Calcium Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
6.2 Hierarchical Structure of Calcium Carbonate-Based
Biomineral in Aquatic Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
6.2.1 Carp Otolith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
6.2.2 Hierarchical Structure of Nacreous Layer in Mollusc Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
6.2.3 Lackluster Pearl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
6.2.4 Crab (Meyers et al. 2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
6.3 Hierarchical Structure of Calcium Phosphate-Based Biomineral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
6.3.1 Zebrafish Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
6.3.2 Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
6.4 Study on the Principles of Calcium Carbonate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
6.4.1 Effects of Additives on Calcium Carbonate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 170
6.4.2 Effects of Templates on Calcium Carbonate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
6.5 Principles of Calcium Phosphate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
6.5.1 Collagen-Induced Calcium Phosphate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
6.5.2 Peptide–Amphiphilic Nanofibers-Induced Calcium
Phosphate Mineralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Abstract The chapter provides some basic information on the formation principles
of calcium carbonate in biological systems in marine environment in the point of
view of materials science in order to provide strategies for biomimetic design and
preparation of new functional materials. Many researchers try to explain the
principles of biomineralization and get some valuable conclusions. This chapter
introduces some calcium-based biominerals in aquatic organisms which mainly
Q. Feng (*)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
e-mail: biomater@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
W.E.G. M€ uller (ed.), Molecular Biomineralization, Progress in Molecular
and Subcellular Biology 52, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-21230-7_6,
# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
141