He J, Zhang L, Jin S, Zhu Y, Liu F (2008) Bacterial communities inside and surrounding soil
iron–manganese nodules. Geomicrobiol J 25:14–24
Hein JR, Koschinsky A, Halbach P, Manheim FT, Bau M, Jung-Keuk K, Lubick N (1997) Iron and
manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific. In: Nicholson K, Hein JR, B€ uhn B, Dasgupta S
(eds) Manganese mineralization: geochemistry and mineralogy of terrestrial and marine
deposits. Geological Society Special Publication No 119, pp 123–138
Hein JR, Koschinsky A, Bau M, Manheim FT, Roberts L (2000) Cobalt-rich ferromanganese
crusts in the Pacific. In: Cronan DS (ed) Handbook of marine mineral deposits. Boca Raton,
FL, USA, pp 239–279
Herndl GJ (1988) Ecology of amorphous aggregations (marine snow) in the Northern Adriatic Sea.
11. Microbial density and activity in marine snow and its implication to overall pelagic
processes. Mar Ecol Prog 48:265–275
Herzig PM, Hannington MD (2006) Input from the deep: hot vents and cold seeps. In: Schulz HD,
Zabel M (eds) Marine geochemistry. Springer, Berlin, pp 457–479
Kawamoto H (2008) Japan’s policies to be adopted on rare metal resources. Quart Rev 27:57–76
Kerr R (1984) Manganese nodules grow by rain from above. Science 223:576–577
Kester DR (1975) Dissolved gases other than CO 2 . In: Riley JP, Skirrow G (eds) Chemical
oceanography, 2nd edn. Academic, London, pp 498–556
Kim SJ, Bang IC, Buongiorno J, Hu LW (2006) Effects of nanoparticle deposition on surface
wettability influencing boiling heat transfer in nanofluids. Appl Phys Lett 89:153–107
Koschinsky A, Halbach P (1995) Sequential leaching of marine ferromanganese precipitates:
Genetic implications. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:5113–5132
Koschinsky A, Hein JR (2003) Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: solidphase associations and seawater speciation. Mar Geol 198:331–351
Koschinsky A, Stascheit A-M, Bau M, Halbach P (1997) Effects of phosphatization on the
geochemical and mineralogical composition of marine ferromanganese crusts. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 61:4079–4094
Krasko A, Batel R, Schr€ oder HC, M€ uller IM, M€ uller WEG (2000) Expression of silicatein and
collagen genes in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula is controlled by silicate and
myotrophin. Eur J Biochem 267:4878–4887
Lawrence JR, Korber DR, Hoyle BD, Costerton JW, Caldwell DE (1991) Optical sectioning of
microbial biofilms. J Bacteriol 173:6558–6567
LePennec G, Perovic ´ S, Ammar MSA, Grebenjuk VA, Steffen R, M€ uller WEG (2003) Cultivation
of primmorphs from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula: morphogenetic potential of
silicon and iron. J Biotechnol 100:93–108
Leppard GG (1999) Structure/function/activity relationships in marine snow. Curr Underst
suggested Res thrusts 35:389–395
Lin J, Zhang C (2006) The first collaborative China-international cruises to investigate Mid-Ocean
Ridge hydrothermal vents. InterRidge News 15:1–3
Lowenstam HA (1981) Minerals formed by organisms. Science 211:1126–1131
Lowenstam HA, Weiner S (1989) On biomineralization. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Mangold S, Laxander M, Harneit K, Rohwerder T, Claus G, Sand W (2008) Visualization of
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans biofilms on pyrite by atomic force and epifluorescence microscopy under various experimental conditions. Hydrometallurgy 94:127–132
Marcus MA, Manceau A, Kersten M (2004) Mn, Fe, Zn and As speciation in a fast-growing
ferromanganese marine nodule. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:3125–3136
Martin W, Baross J, Kelley D, Russell MJ (2008) Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life. Nat
Rev Microbiol 6:805–814
Mendhom J, Denny RC, Barnes JD, Thomas MJK (2000) Textbook of quantitative chemical
analysis. Pearson education, London
Mengele R, Sumper M (1992) Drastic differences in glycosylation of related S-layer glycoproteins
from moderate and extreme halophiles. J Biol Chem 267:8182–8185
Mero J (1962) Ocean-floor manganese nodules. Econ Geol 57:747–767
4 Biogenic origin of nodules and crusts
107
iron–manganese nodules. Geomicrobiol J 25:14–24
Hein JR, Koschinsky A, Halbach P, Manheim FT, Bau M, Jung-Keuk K, Lubick N (1997) Iron and
manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific. In: Nicholson K, Hein JR, B€ uhn B, Dasgupta S
(eds) Manganese mineralization: geochemistry and mineralogy of terrestrial and marine
deposits. Geological Society Special Publication No 119, pp 123–138
Hein JR, Koschinsky A, Bau M, Manheim FT, Roberts L (2000) Cobalt-rich ferromanganese
crusts in the Pacific. In: Cronan DS (ed) Handbook of marine mineral deposits. Boca Raton,
FL, USA, pp 239–279
Herndl GJ (1988) Ecology of amorphous aggregations (marine snow) in the Northern Adriatic Sea.
11. Microbial density and activity in marine snow and its implication to overall pelagic
processes. Mar Ecol Prog 48:265–275
Herzig PM, Hannington MD (2006) Input from the deep: hot vents and cold seeps. In: Schulz HD,
Zabel M (eds) Marine geochemistry. Springer, Berlin, pp 457–479
Kawamoto H (2008) Japan’s policies to be adopted on rare metal resources. Quart Rev 27:57–76
Kerr R (1984) Manganese nodules grow by rain from above. Science 223:576–577
Kester DR (1975) Dissolved gases other than CO 2 . In: Riley JP, Skirrow G (eds) Chemical
oceanography, 2nd edn. Academic, London, pp 498–556
Kim SJ, Bang IC, Buongiorno J, Hu LW (2006) Effects of nanoparticle deposition on surface
wettability influencing boiling heat transfer in nanofluids. Appl Phys Lett 89:153–107
Koschinsky A, Halbach P (1995) Sequential leaching of marine ferromanganese precipitates:
Genetic implications. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:5113–5132
Koschinsky A, Hein JR (2003) Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: solidphase associations and seawater speciation. Mar Geol 198:331–351
Koschinsky A, Stascheit A-M, Bau M, Halbach P (1997) Effects of phosphatization on the
geochemical and mineralogical composition of marine ferromanganese crusts. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 61:4079–4094
Krasko A, Batel R, Schr€ oder HC, M€ uller IM, M€ uller WEG (2000) Expression of silicatein and
collagen genes in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula is controlled by silicate and
myotrophin. Eur J Biochem 267:4878–4887
Lawrence JR, Korber DR, Hoyle BD, Costerton JW, Caldwell DE (1991) Optical sectioning of
microbial biofilms. J Bacteriol 173:6558–6567
LePennec G, Perovic ´ S, Ammar MSA, Grebenjuk VA, Steffen R, M€ uller WEG (2003) Cultivation
of primmorphs from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula: morphogenetic potential of
silicon and iron. J Biotechnol 100:93–108
Leppard GG (1999) Structure/function/activity relationships in marine snow. Curr Underst
suggested Res thrusts 35:389–395
Lin J, Zhang C (2006) The first collaborative China-international cruises to investigate Mid-Ocean
Ridge hydrothermal vents. InterRidge News 15:1–3
Lowenstam HA (1981) Minerals formed by organisms. Science 211:1126–1131
Lowenstam HA, Weiner S (1989) On biomineralization. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Mangold S, Laxander M, Harneit K, Rohwerder T, Claus G, Sand W (2008) Visualization of
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans biofilms on pyrite by atomic force and epifluorescence microscopy under various experimental conditions. Hydrometallurgy 94:127–132
Marcus MA, Manceau A, Kersten M (2004) Mn, Fe, Zn and As speciation in a fast-growing
ferromanganese marine nodule. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:3125–3136
Martin W, Baross J, Kelley D, Russell MJ (2008) Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life. Nat
Rev Microbiol 6:805–814
Mendhom J, Denny RC, Barnes JD, Thomas MJK (2000) Textbook of quantitative chemical
analysis. Pearson education, London
Mengele R, Sumper M (1992) Drastic differences in glycosylation of related S-layer glycoproteins
from moderate and extreme halophiles. J Biol Chem 267:8182–8185
Mero J (1962) Ocean-floor manganese nodules. Econ Geol 57:747–767
4 Biogenic origin of nodules and crusts
107