Problems of Monitoring and Rational Use of Reef Resources
423
countries measures regarding the preservation of nature and the resources of
reefs have often been successful, especially in places where the traditional
rules of fishery still exist, and where local fishermen are actively educated in
this direction (Johannes 1981a; Alcala and Luchavez 1981; Cabanaban and
White 1981). The developed countries direct the strategy of reef
preservation and of fishery reglamentation toward conserving them as part
of the wealth of nations and of mankind (Salvat 1981a,b; Bradbury and
Reichelt 1981). This strategy has as its main goal the exploitation of the
recreational potential of reefs, and as a secondary goal the use of their fish
resources. Because of the evident harmful effect of all more or less intensive
commercial fishery on the reefs and of their attractiveness to tourism, there
are tendencies to prohibit them competely in natural reef reserves. In the
USA an act was passed prescribing the preservation of reefs and regulating
fishery on them. The same was done in Australia (Lilburn 1983). Quotas
and licenses have been fixed in the GBR region, which was proclaimed
National Park. A significant area of it was totally closed to fishing. For
trawlers special fishery fields were reserved.
11.7 Protection, Monitoring and Rational Use of Resources;
Artificial Reefs
The govermental agencies in many countries have organized national
reserves or national parks in reef zones to preserve their nature and
resources. Their main goal is to provide the use of recreational and fish
resources of reefs without doing harm to their ecosystems. Among the most
successful attempts in this field the national parks on the GBR (Kelleher
and Dutton 1985), on the Sumillon and Apo Islands (Alcala and Luchavez
1981), and on the reefs of Florida and the Virgin Islands should be
recognized as such (Dahl 1981; Bakus 1982). The administration of the
GBR Marine Park, for example, first analized the available information on
the resources of a given reserved reef area and on the ways they are used.
Then the Zonal Plan of Park Area was drafted. In this plan the restricted
zones were marked, where any human activity, except research, was
prohibited. Such zones should serve as scientific reserves to which only
scientists are admitted. Zones of tourism were also marked on the Plan,
which could be used by tourists and for the scientific education of the local
people, who had to develop a conscious relationship to the reef and its
biota. In the Plan there were also places appointed where economic activity
is permitted, such as regulated commercial and sportive fishery, and
tourism. The success of such a Plan depends upon the conscious support of
these measures by local fishermen and the public (Kelleher 1981).
This Zonal Plan was then realized by the GBR Marine Park Authority,
which regulates all recreational, business, constructional and research
423
countries measures regarding the preservation of nature and the resources of
reefs have often been successful, especially in places where the traditional
rules of fishery still exist, and where local fishermen are actively educated in
this direction (Johannes 1981a; Alcala and Luchavez 1981; Cabanaban and
White 1981). The developed countries direct the strategy of reef
preservation and of fishery reglamentation toward conserving them as part
of the wealth of nations and of mankind (Salvat 1981a,b; Bradbury and
Reichelt 1981). This strategy has as its main goal the exploitation of the
recreational potential of reefs, and as a secondary goal the use of their fish
resources. Because of the evident harmful effect of all more or less intensive
commercial fishery on the reefs and of their attractiveness to tourism, there
are tendencies to prohibit them competely in natural reef reserves. In the
USA an act was passed prescribing the preservation of reefs and regulating
fishery on them. The same was done in Australia (Lilburn 1983). Quotas
and licenses have been fixed in the GBR region, which was proclaimed
National Park. A significant area of it was totally closed to fishing. For
trawlers special fishery fields were reserved.
11.7 Protection, Monitoring and Rational Use of Resources;
Artificial Reefs
The govermental agencies in many countries have organized national
reserves or national parks in reef zones to preserve their nature and
resources. Their main goal is to provide the use of recreational and fish
resources of reefs without doing harm to their ecosystems. Among the most
successful attempts in this field the national parks on the GBR (Kelleher
and Dutton 1985), on the Sumillon and Apo Islands (Alcala and Luchavez
1981), and on the reefs of Florida and the Virgin Islands should be
recognized as such (Dahl 1981; Bakus 1982). The administration of the
GBR Marine Park, for example, first analized the available information on
the resources of a given reserved reef area and on the ways they are used.
Then the Zonal Plan of Park Area was drafted. In this plan the restricted
zones were marked, where any human activity, except research, was
prohibited. Such zones should serve as scientific reserves to which only
scientists are admitted. Zones of tourism were also marked on the Plan,
which could be used by tourists and for the scientific education of the local
people, who had to develop a conscious relationship to the reef and its
biota. In the Plan there were also places appointed where economic activity
is permitted, such as regulated commercial and sportive fishery, and
tourism. The success of such a Plan depends upon the conscious support of
these measures by local fishermen and the public (Kelleher 1981).
This Zonal Plan was then realized by the GBR Marine Park Authority,
which regulates all recreational, business, constructional and research